Analysis of electricity use and economic impacts for buildings with electric heating under lockdown conditions: examples for educational buildings and residential buildings in Norway

How residential energy consumption has changed due to COVID-19 pandemic? An agent-based model

“…However, the authors highlighted that this type of energy-saving scheme that restricts human activities and hinders economic development has major drawbacks. Another study by Ding et al (2021) compared the electricity use patterns of four buildings before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. The buildings considered in their study included kindergartens, schools, apartments, and townhouses in Norway.…”

Lockdown impact on energy consumption in university building

“…This is because most of the research equipment remained operational while the library was fully shut down, which drove down the electricity consumption during lockdown. Besides, a study by Ding et al (2021) reported that the electricity demand in the kindergartens and schools was almost at the same level, while there were apparent changes in the apartment and townhouse buildings. Nevertheless, the climate conditions and the location of the lockdown are factors in which the magnitude of the energy usage will be increased.…”

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the energy performance of residential neighborhoods and their occupancy behavior

“…In April 2020, the electricity demand for the non-residential sector decreased by 16%, while residential consumption increased by 12%. Ding et al ( Ding et al, 2021 ) developed energy signature curve models to assess the annual electricity use in Norway and found that the annual electricity demand decreased in educational buildings (kindergartens and schools) during the lockdown, while the electricity use increased in residential buildings, with significant differences related to the building typology (apartments underwent an increase of 27 % and townhouses of 1.3 %). In New York, the electricity demand of residential users during the lockdown increased over the weekdays, with higher morning peaks between 8 to 10 am ( Chen, Zarazua de Rubens, Xu and Li, 2020 ).…”

“…The weekday load profiles in the residential sector became very similar to those of the weekends during the lockdown (April 2020). ( Ding et al, 2021 ) Energy signature curve models Electricity Residential, educational users Norway An increase in the residential electricity consumption of 27 % was observed for apartments and 1.3 % for townhouses during the lockdown. The electricity consumption for the education sector decreased.…”