Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering From Combined Conducting and Dielectric Objects Above Rough Surface Using Hybrid SIE-KA-FMM Method

Zou, Gao Xiang; Tong, Chuangming; Sun, Hua Long; Peng, Peng; Song, Tao

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925962

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Where expressions of matrix elements in ( 16) can be found in Equation ( 14) in Ref. [36], and expressions of matrix elements in (17) are taken in these forms…”

Section: μ Ground Rough Surface Near Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operator 1d () L and 1d () K are the same as the Equation ( 7) in Ref. [36] by adjusting the corresponding medium parameters in them, and the operation of integral is carried out over the inner surface Sd. The fields in the inner surface Sd satisfy Maxwell's equations, and the tangential fields are continuous across the surface of dielectric part.…”

Section: μ Ground Rough Surface Near Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(37) Using RWG basis function, the expansion form of eff 2e J is given in (4), and the expansion coefficient j g and j h can be obtained by average value of edge electric current as the same as the Equation ( 23) in Ref. [36]. Substitute (2) into ( 35) and ( 36), then, both sides of ( 35) and (36) are tested by 22 i  nf , both sides of (37) are tested by 33 i  nf , the expressions of ( 35)-( 37) can be written in vector matrix form as follow…”

Section: μ Ground Rough Surface Near Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the geometrical model of coastal environment, the combined target is introduced to form the composite scattering model. In [36], we have proposed the methodology to analyze the combined target above single environment. However, the hybrid SIE-KA-FMM method proposed in [36] could just be utilized to solve the combined target with PEC surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [36], we have proposed the methodology to analyze the combined target above single environment. However, the hybrid SIE-KA-FMM method proposed in [36] could just be utilized to solve the combined target with PEC surface. In this paper, coastal environment has diverse media properties, which leads to the coexistence of both induced electric current and induced magnetic current on the facet of coastal composite rough surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of Combined Conducting and Dielectric Target Above Coastal Environment

et al. 2020

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The electromagnetic (EM) scattering characteristics of target above coastal environment are complicated due to the simultaneous existence of ground region and sea region. Nevertheless, the actual target possesses both conducting part and dielectric part. Such a composite scattering problem involves multiple media parameters and large amount of unknowns. Hence, aiming at accurately and efficiently calculating the EM scattering from combined conducting and dielectric target above coastal environment, the hybrid SIE-KA method is introduced in which single integral equation (SIE) method is utilized to reduce the number of combined target's unknowns and Kirchhoff approximation (KA) is applied to obtain induced electric and magnetic current on the surface of coastal environment. Moreover, multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is adopted to significantly reduce the computational cost and memory requirement. Several numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid method. Finally, the EM scattering characteristics of combined conducting and dielectric target above coastal environment have been studied. The radar cross section (RCS) curves with different category of environment, polarization mode, working frequency, statistic parameters of coastal environment, permittivity of target's dielectric part, target's height and target category have been analyzed in detail to provide some useful conclusions. The approach and results can be broadly applied in remote sensing simulation of coastal environment with combined target. INDEX TERMSCoastal environment; electromagnetic scattering; Kirchhoff approximation; single integral equation; multilevel fast multipole algorithm; combined conducting and dielectric target

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“…Where expressions of matrix elements in ( 16) can be found in Equation ( 14) in Ref. [36], and expressions of matrix elements in (17) are taken in these forms…”

Section: μ Ground Rough Surface Near Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: μ Ground Rough Surface Near Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: μ Ground Rough Surface Near Sea Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research on Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of Combined Conducting and Dielectric Target Above Coastal Environment

et al. 2020

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Accelerated Hybrid Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Multiple Complex Targets Above a Rough Surface

et al. 2021

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A hybrid scheme that combines the pre-corrected fast Fourier transform (p-FFT) and iterative Kirchhoff approximation (IKA) is developed to solve the electromagnetic scattering from multiple complex targets above a three-dimensional (3D) rough surface. Based on the domain distribution method (DDM), multiple targets are divided into an FFT region, and the rough surface is divided into an IKA region. Scattering on the FFT region and IKA region is calculated by p-FFT and IKA, respectively. In addition, iterative strategies are considered in both solving interaction between facets in the IKA region and interactions between FFT region and IKA region. However, interactions between FFT region and IKA region are the most time-consuming in the entire computational process. To overcome this computational bottleneck, the combined multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), ray-propagation fast multipole algorithm (RPFMA) and fast far-field approximation (FAFFA) are incorporated into interactions between FFT region and IKA region. They accelerate the matrix vector multiplication by "interpolation -translation -anterpolation", while their translators are different, which result in their different computation efficiencies and application conditions. To effectively combine these three algorithms, the IKA region is divided into MLFMA area, RPFMA area and FAFFA area according to the distance, where interactions between these areas and the targets are accelerated by MLFMA, RPFMA and FAFFA, and the surface outside these areas is discarded. Compared with MLFMA, the accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method are verified.INDEX TERMS composite electromagnetic scattering, multiple targets above surface, accelerated technique.

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Scattering Prediction of Target Above Layered Rough Surface Based on Time-Domain Ray Tracing Modeling

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering From Combined Conducting and Dielectric Objects Above Rough Surface Using Hybrid SIE-KA-FMM Method

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Research on Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of Combined Conducting and Dielectric Target Above Coastal Environment

Research on Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of Combined Conducting and Dielectric Target Above Coastal Environment

Accelerated Hybrid Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Multiple Complex Targets Above a Rough Surface

Scattering Prediction of Target Above Layered Rough Surface Based on Time-Domain Ray Tracing Modeling

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