Analysis of Electrooptic Modulator With 1-D Slotted Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavity

Qi, Biao; Yu, Ping; Li, Yubo; Jiang, Xiaoqing; Yang, Mei; Yang, Jianyi

doi:10.1109/lpt.2011.2148704

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Among these, PhC cavities have been investigated as advantageous platforms due to their ultra-high Q/V enabling the enhancement of lightmatter interactions. Particularly, compared with two-dimensional (2D) PhC cavities, one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (1D-PCNCs) attract great attention for their ultra-sensitive optical sensing and lab-on-a-chip applications, owing to their ultra-compact size, ultra-small mode volume, high integrability with bus-waveguide and excellent complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible properties [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].In this review, we will focus on nanoscale optical sensing based on 1D-PCNCs. The structure of the review is organized as follows.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

et al. 2020

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The ability to detect nanoscale objects is particular crucial for a wide range of applications, such as environmental protection, early-stage disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) sensors have attracted great attention due to high-quality factors and small-mode volumes (Q/V) and good on-chip integrability with optical waveguides/circuits. In this review, we focus on nanoscale optical sensing based on PCNC sensors, including ultrahigh figure of merit (FOM) sensing, single nanoparticle trapping, label-free molecule detection and an integrated sensor array for multiplexed sensing. We believe that the PCNC sensors featuring ultracompact footprint, high monolithic integration capability, fast response and ultrahigh sensitivity sensing ability, etc., will provide a promising platform for further developing lab-on-a-chip devices for biosensing and other functionalities.Micromachines 2020, 11, 72 2 of 20 microcavities confine the light in a small volume, leading to significant enhancement of light-matter interaction, resulting in ultra-high sensitivity (S) and a low detection limit. When subject to slight environmental changes, the spectral properties change can be obtained, e.g., resonator wavelength shift [20][21][22] and mode broadening [23].The main types of optical microcavities include whispering gallery mode (WGM) cavities, Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavities and photonic crystal (PhC) cavities [24]. Among these, PhC cavities have been investigated as advantageous platforms due to their ultra-high Q/V enabling the enhancement of lightmatter interactions. Particularly, compared with two-dimensional (2D) PhC cavities, one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (1D-PCNCs) attract great attention for their ultra-sensitive optical sensing and lab-on-a-chip applications, owing to their ultra-compact size, ultra-small mode volume, high integrability with bus-waveguide and excellent complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible properties [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].In this review, we will focus on nanoscale optical sensing based on 1D-PCNCs. The structure of the review is organized as follows. A comprehensive overview about basic properties and sensing mechanisms of 1D-PCNCs sensors is discussed in Section 2. In Section 3, firstly, we introduce the efforts to pursue ultra-high figure of merit (FOM) in refractive index (RI) sensing based on 1D-PCNCs. Secondly, we outline the applications of 1D-PCNC sensors on single nanoparticle and label-free molecule (viruses, proteins and DNAs) detection. Thirdly, a monolithic integrated 1D-PCNC sensor array for multiplexed sensing is introduced explicitly. In addition, we present other sensing applications of 1D-PCNC sensors such as temperature sensing and optomechanical sensing, etc. Next, we review the nanofabrication and coupling techniques in the development of 1D-PCNC sensors in Section 4. Finally, we draw a brief conclusion. Figure 2. (a) Schematic of photonic circuits. The green lines, red boxes and black boxes represe...

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Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…The convenience of using the tilt angle as a parameter for passive wave manipulation is that it does not require smaller feature sizes at larger angles. A rather aggrandised extrapolation of this concept that is still within the realm of single mode waveguiding, is a completely tilted SWG with an angle of 90° but only two periods [66]. Although such a design supports lateral light propagation as a slotted waveguide, it is a different physical phenomenon because of its equivalence to a potential barrier with a thin well in which the pulse is highly confined [74].…”

Section: Single‐mode Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of periodic, sub‐wavelength structures in silicon‐on‐insulator photonic device design

D’Mello

Reshef

Bernal

et al. 2020

IET Optoelectronics

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Rapid advances in high‐resolution chip lithography have accelerated nanophotonic device development on the silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) platform. The ability to create sub‐wavelength features in silicon has attracted research in photonic band and dispersion engineering and consequently made available a wide array of device functionalities. By drawing on recent demonstrations, the authors review how periodic, sub‐wavelength structures are used for passive wave manipulation in SOI device design. The optical response is evaluated for both orthogonal polarisations at the telecom wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm. The results offer a versatile toolkit for the integration of these features in conventional nanophotonic device geometries. Notable benefits include a fine control of dispersion, wavelength and polarisation selectivity, and broadband performance.

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“…However, SOI-based modulators rely on weak free carrier dispersion (which is inherently absorptive and nonlinear) rather than on the linear electro-optic (EO) effect (Pockels effect) [9]. To overcome the intrinsic absence of the Pockels effect in unstrained silicon, modulators based on combinations of silicon with Pockels-type material have been used, including Si-Organic hybrid (SOH) [28]- [30], and Si-Lithium niobate (SiLN) hybrid PCNC-EOMs [31], [32]. While these approaches have shown promising results, the reduced EO overlap between the electric field and the active material region degrades the modulation efficiency [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Index-Contrast Polymeric Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Electro-Optic Modulator

Liu

Qin

et al. 2020

IEEE Photonics J.

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A novel nanocavity-based polymer-on-insulator (POI) electro-optic modulator (EOM) is proposed. It consists of a polymeric photonic-crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) with ultra-low index-contrast (n cavity /n bg = 1.17). Based on three-dimensional (3D) finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) method, the PCNC design and optimization are investigated theoretically. A high quality-factor (Q) of 3.4 × 10 4 and small mode-volume of 22.8 (λ/n SE O ) 3 can be achieved. In order to judge the efficiency of the cavity design for electro-optic (EO) modulation, the optical modes and the electric field distribution are computed using an electromagnetic finite-element solver. Benefiting from the fast and strong EO effect in polymers, the modulator shows an EO modulation efficiency of up to 16 pm/V, which is over an order of magnitude higher than that in lithium niobate (LN) PCNCs. Moreover, the device is only 80 μm in length, leading to a voltage-length product V π × L = 0.05 V•cm, which is much smaller than those of Mach-Zehnder modulators. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first on-chip POI-based EOM that features both ultra-compact size and high modulation efficiency. Hence, it is potentially an ideal platform for applications in optical communications, electric-field sensing, and tunable photonic circuits.

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Analysis of Electrooptic Modulator With 1-D Slotted Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavity

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

Integration of periodic, sub‐wavelength structures in silicon‐on‐insulator photonic device design

Ultra-Low Index-Contrast Polymeric Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Electro-Optic Modulator

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