Analysis of Energy Efficiency of a Test Rig for Air Springs

Okorn, Ivan; Nagode, Marko

doi:10.5545/sv-jme.2014.2143

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…e fluid element can be used to simulate various gasfilled cavities under pneumatic conditions. According to the augmented virtual work principle, the ideal gas equation is used to determine the closed gas boundary conditions, and the virtual work equation of the structure is obtained through the gas boundary conditions [14,16,24,25].…”

Section: Fluid Cavity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Lee [15] established a mathematical model based on thermodynamics and believed that the stiffness of the air spring was affected by volume, heat transfer, and effective area. Okorn and Nagode [16] applied thermodynamics, heat transfer, and hydrodynamics to the model and developed a more accurate air spring suspension system model by combining these effects. Investigating the influence of an additional air chamber on the performance of an air spring, Li et al [17] found that the shape and material characteristics of the air spring, the volume of the additional air chamber, and the diameter of the orifice are the main factors affecting the performance of the air spring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Cord Parameters on the Load Characteristics of Airbags

Xiao

Xie

et al. 2021

Shock and Vibration

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To accurately characterize the large deformation and nonlinear characteristics of airbags, the influence of cord parameters on vertical force characteristics was studied, and a finite-element simulation model of airbags based on gas-solid coupling was established. First, uniaxial tension and compression experiments with airbag under different initial pressures were carried out to analyse the effects of the initial pressure and working height on the mechanical properties of the airbag. Second, the validity of the model was verified by the test data of the vertical force and cavity pressure of the airbag. Finally, based on the gas-solid coupling model proposed, the influence of the cord parameters on the vertical force characteristics was studied. The results show that the vertical force characteristics of an airbag are different between compression and tension and the nonlinear characteristic of the airbag becomes more obvious with the increase in the displacement in compression. After comparing the effects of cord parameters on the vertical force of the airbag, we can conclude that the number of cord layers has the most significant effect on the vertical force, followed by the cord diameter, while other cord parameters have a general effect. Under the same compression and tension displacements (d = ±80 mm), the effective area of 1 cord layer is 2.56 times as much as the effective area of 6 cord layers and the vertical force of the airbag with a cord diameter of 0.25 mm is 7.28 times greater than that of the corresponding vertical force with a cord diameter of 1.0 mm. The airbag with different cord angles shows differences in the working state of compression and tension, especially in compression. The force of the airbag at 90° cord angle gradually exceeds the force at other angles with an increase in displacement. The difference in the load at different working states of compression and tension is useful.

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Section: Fluid Cavity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cord Parameters on the Load Characteristics of Airbags

Xiao

Xie

et al. 2021

Shock and Vibration

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“…An electric motor drives the test rig; it provides the missing energy to compress the spring and energy to cover friction losses. The energy situation in the test rig was analysed in paper [8].…”

Section: Highlights • Damage To a Rolling Bearing In A Partially-rotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Friction losses are smaller in rolling implementation, and heat load of the rotation point is also smaller [7]. Energy efficiency of this test rig was analysed in paper [8]. Bearings were replaced when critical damage occurred, which caused increased noise and vibrations of the rotation point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on Damage to Rolling Bearings at Small Turning Angels

2018

SV-JME

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A test rig was developed for testing air springs. It uses the energy returned by the spring during unloading. The springs are loaded by means of a lever oscillating around its rotation point at a small angle. During operation, it was determined that rotation point bearings are critical elements of the test rig. This paper shows and analyses the damage that occurs on bearing ring raceways. Contact pressure and stress under individual rolling elements were calculated by using the finite element method (FEM). Mechanisms of the formation and propagation of damage were identified. Optical and electronic microscopy was used for confirming the mechanisms of damage formation. The microstructure of damaged material was analysed. It was found that depressions on bearing ring raceways form due to material fatigue and fretting. The required bearing replacement frequency was determined with respect to load.

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“…Romanowicz and Szybiński 11 introduced an analytical stress formula in the contact zone and studied the maximum fatigue force of bearing material by using the multiaxial high-cycle fatigue hypothesis. Okorn et al 12 used a finite element (FE) approach to simulate the damage formation and propagation mechanisms of bearing rings. Murugesan et al 13 provided a 3D FE model to analyze the failures in a ball bearing caused by the misalignment of gas motor system used in an electrohydraulic control actuator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fatigue failure investigation and improvement of a high-speed cylindrical roller bearing in a turbofan engine

Liu

Dang

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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High-speed cylindrical roller bearings are critical components used in turbofan engines. The failures in the cylindrical roller bearings are common failure cases in the turbofan engines due to the tough speed and load conditions, which can increase downtime and create an enormous loss. Thus, it is necessary to understand the failure reasons including the careless handling, improper clearance or mounting, ineffective sealing, and unsuitable lubrication. This paper introduces a failure analysis of a high-speed cylindrical roller bearing used in the turbofan engine. A detailed analysis of high-speed cylindrical roller bearing failures is proposed by using the finite element method. The failure reasons are identified as the manufacturing errors in the effective length of the inner ring, which led to the high-stress concentrations at the two ends of the roller resulting in fatigue failures. The failure mechanisms are understood. The optimization design of the structure to avoid the failures is presented. The validation test shows that the prevention strategies for similar failures are addressed. This paper can provide some guidance for analyzing and identifying the spalls and wear failures in the high-speed cylindrical roller bearings used in the turbofan engines.

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Analysis of Energy Efficiency of a Test Rig for Air Springs

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of Cord Parameters on the Load Characteristics of Airbags

Influence of Cord Parameters on the Load Characteristics of Airbags

Analysis on Damage to Rolling Bearings at Small Turning Angels

A fatigue failure investigation and improvement of a high-speed cylindrical roller bearing in a turbofan engine

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