Analysis of Enteric Neurons, Glia and Their Interactions Using Explant Cultures of the Myenteric Plexus; pp. 214–227

Bannerman, Peter; Mirsky, Rhona; Jessen, Kristján R.

doi:10.1159/000111624

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The observation that not all cultured enteric glia express the same ion channels suggests that enteric glia are a heterogeneous population, a finding that is in agreement with previous morphological and irnrnunohistochemical studies (Komura et al, 1982;Gabella, 1981;Bannerman et al, 1987Bannerman et al, , 1988a. Further studies are needed to assess the expression of ion channels in vivo, as culture conditions may selcct a subpopulation of glia which may not be representative of glia in vivo.…”

Section: Electrophysiological Properties Of Cultured Enteric Gliasupporting

confidence: 83%

Electrophysiologic and molecular properties of cultured enteric glia

Broussard¹,

Bannerman²,

Tang³

et al. 1993

J of Neuroscience Research

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Enteric glia, the support cells of myenteric ganglia, have been widely studied with respect to their morphology and immunohistochemical phenotype, but little is known about their functional properties. We developed a method for the amplification of enteric glia from newborn guinea pigs to further characterize these cells. Treatment with a combination of basic fibroblast growth factor and the adenylate cyclase activator, cholera toxin, permitted expansion of enteric glial cultures to confluence and serial passage for up to 8 months. The long-term cultured cells retained expression of 1) S100 protein, 2) GD3 ganglioside recognized by the monoclonal antibody LB1, and 3) the gene encoding glutamine synthetase. The electrophysiologic properties of cultured enteric glia were studied under whole-cell patch clamp conditions. Most cells expressed "delayed rectifier"-type potassium currents, and some also demonstrated tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents. Other subsets of voltage-dependent potassium currents, calcium currents, and glutamate-gated currents were not demonstrable.

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Section: Electrophysiological Properties Of Cultured Enteric Gliasupporting

confidence: 83%

Electrophysiologic and molecular properties of cultured enteric glia

Broussard¹,

Bannerman²,

Tang³

et al. 1993

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…The unique organizational features of the ENS are many. It resembles the CNS and differs from the remainder of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in that internal collagen is lacking and the support of neurones is derived not from Schwann cells but from enteric glia 8–12 . The ENS is also very large; there are at least as many neurones in the human small intestine (> 10 8 ) as there are in the spinal cord; 8 , 13 moreover, the phenotypic diversity of enteric neurones exceeds that of any other region of the PNS.…”

Section: The Ens Resembles the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: serotonin receptors and transporters — roles in normal and abnormal gastrointestinal motility

Gershon

2004

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

460

377

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Summary The gut is the only organ that can display reflexes and integrative neuronal activity even when isolated from the central nervous system. This activity can be triggered by luminal stimuli that are detected by nerves via epithelial intermediation. Epithelial enterochromaffin cells act as sensory transducers that activate the mucosal processes of both intrinsic and extrinsic primary afferent neurones through their release of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). Intrinsic primary afferent neurones are present in both the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. Peristaltic and secretory reflexes are initiated by submucosal intrinsic primary afferent neurones, which are stimulated by 5‐HT acting at 5‐HT1P receptors. 5‐HT acting at 5‐HT4 receptors enhances the release of transmitters from their terminals and from other terminals in prokinetic reflex pathways. Signalling to the central nervous system is predominantly 5‐HT3 mediated, although serotonergic transmission within the enteric nervous system and the activation of myenteric intrinsic primary afferent neurones are also 5‐HT3 mediated. The differential distribution of 5‐HT receptor subtypes makes it possible to use 5‐HT3 antagonists and 5‐HT4 agonists to treat intestinal discomfort and motility. 5‐HT3 antagonists alleviate the nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy and the discomfort from the bowel in irritable bowel syndrome; however, because 5‐HT‐mediated fast neurotransmission within the enteric nervous system and the stimulation of mucosal processes of myenteric intrinsic primary afferent neurones are 5‐HT3 mediated, 5‐HT3 antagonists tend to be constipating and should be used only when pre‐existing constipation is not a significant component of the problem to be treated. In contrast, 5‐HT4 agonists, such as tegaserod, are safe and effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation. They do not stimulate nociceptive extrinsic nerves nor initiate peristaltic and secretory reflexes. Instead, they rely on natural stimuli to activate reflexes, which they strengthen by enhancing the release of transmitters in prokinetic pathways. Finally, when all the signalling by 5‐HT is over, its action is terminated by uptake into enterocytes or neurones, which is mediated by the serotonin reuptake transporter. In inflammation, serotonergic signalling is specifically diminished in the mucosa. Transcripts encoding tryptophan hydroxylase‐1 and serotonin reuptake transporter are both markedly decreased. Successive potentiation of 5‐HT and/or desensitization of its receptor could account for the symptoms seen in diarrhoea‐predominant and constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome, respectively. Symptoms associated with the down‐regulation of the serotonin reuptake transporter in the human mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome are similar to the symptoms associated with the knockout of the serotonin reuptake transporter in mice. The observation that molecular defects occur in the human gut in irritable bowel syndrome stre...

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“…Both cell types express genes of the basal lamina components such as type IV collagen and laminin (Cornbrooks et al, 1983;McGarvey et al, 1984), whereas enteric glial cells do not (Gabella, 1981). Interestingly, expression of these components is up-regulated in cultured enteric glial cells, as in the case of SMP (Bannerman et al, 1987;Dulac and Le Douarin, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Regulation of Schwann Cell Myelin Protein Gene Expression by the Dorsal Root Ganglionic Microenvironment

Cameron-Curry¹,

Dulac²,

Douarin³

1993

Eur J of Neuroscience

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In vivo, the surface glycoprotein Schwann cell myelin protein (SMP) is expressed in the quail peripheral nervous system exclusively by Schwann cells. It is not detectable at any developmental stage either in enteric glia or in ganglionic satellite cells. We demonstrate here that the satellite glial cells of the dorsal root ganglia start to express SMP on their surface when they are dissociated into single cells and cultivated in vitro. Activation of SMP synthesis is a rapid event observed in mass cultures of dorsal root ganglia dissociated cells as soon as 4 h after the onset of the culture. Confocal microscope analysis revealed that satellite cells may acquire the Schwann cell marker when still in close contact with the neuronal soma. Clonal cultures of satellite cells from E8 dorsal root ganglia demonstrated that the progeny of these SMP-negative cells steadily express SMP. This, together with similar results previously obtained with enteric glia, suggests that the SMP-positive phenotype is a constitutive trait of the peripheral glial cell lineage which is inhibited in satellite cells in vivo by the microenvironment prevailing in the peripheral nervous system ganglia.

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Analysis of Enteric Neurons, Glia and Their Interactions Using Explant Cultures of the Myenteric Plexus; pp. 214–227

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Electrophysiologic and molecular properties of cultured enteric glia

Electrophysiologic and molecular properties of cultured enteric glia

Review article: serotonin receptors and transporters — roles in normal and abnormal gastrointestinal motility

Negative Regulation of Schwann Cell Myelin Protein Gene Expression by the Dorsal Root Ganglionic Microenvironment

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