Analysis of ESTs generated from immune-stimulated hemocytes of larval Heliothis virescens

Pteromalus puparum venom impairs host cellular immune responses by decreasing expression of its scavenger receptor gene

“…of microarray experiments, expression levels of the S. frugiperda SR-like protein were up-regulated at 6 h after bead treatment (Barat-Houari et al, 2006). Another result shows that an EST of Heliothis virescens SR was present in a cDNA library prepared from its immune-stimulated hemocytes, but the gene expression profile was not confirmed in their study (Shelby and Popham, 2009). These data also support our idea that Pr-SR protein acts as a receptor, early in immune challenge.…”

Functional Interactions between Polydnavirus and Host Cellular Innexins

“…Relative to other Inxs, this protein has the highest amino acid sequence identity with Vnxs (54) and may represent one of the innexins co-opted by the viruses during evolution. Inx2 also is transcribed in insect hemocytes (30,44), the major immune cells of caterpillars. Sf-Inx2, which is the first lepidopteran innexin to be functionally expressed, reliably induced homotypic channels with voltage sensitivity similar to that for channels composed of the Drosophila melanogaster orthologue Dm-Inx2 (50).…”

“…Morphological and electrophysiological studies of this encapsulation reaction have demonstrated the presence of hemocytic gap junctions (2,8,9,27), which are hypothesized to function in capsule formation (8,9,26). Although the identity of the protein(s) that composes these junctions has not been established, Inx2 is a candidate, as the RNA is expressed in hemocytes (44). In CsIV-infected larvae, encapsulation may be initiated but not completed (15).…”

“…All are transcribed in multiple tissues of infected caterpillars, and VnxQ2 forms junctional plaques at appositional membranes of infected cells (54). Innexin2 (Inx2), one of the most highly conserved members of the insect innexin gene family, is expressed throughout lepi-dopteran larval stages in similar tissues (29,44). Therefore, there is scope for vinnexins to form de novo gap junctions and/or to interact with cellular innexins in infected host tissues.…”

Molecular characterization of a 14-3-3 zeta gene from Plodia interpunctella: A potential marker for phylogenetic inference

“…The insect 14-3-3 zeta protein plays a key role in many biological processes, for example, it acts as a molecular adaptor and interacts with the N-terminal fragment of Hsp60 in B. mori (Tabunoki et al, 2008). The 14-3-3 zeta protein was involved in immune response against microbial injection in Antheraea pernyi, B. mori, Heliothis virescens, and Spodoptera litura (Bao et al, 2009;Shelby and Popham, 2009;Liu et al, 2013a;Feng et al, 2014). In Helicoverpa armigera, the 14-3-3 zeta may be involved in the regulation of diapause processes (Chen et al, 2010).…”