Analysis of Ethanol Reinforcement in 1‐Day‐Old Rats: Assessment Through a Brief and Novel Operant Procedure

Bordner, Kelly A.; Molina, Juan Carlos; Spear, Norman E.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00609.x

Cited by 22 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…As a whole, the present study, in conjunction with recent findings (Bordner et al 2008;March et al 2009;MirandaMorales et al 2010;Pautassi et al 2008b;Ponce et al 2008), strengthens the notion that the developing rat is highly sensitive to appetitive motivational effects of ethanol, as demonstrated through rapid and robust instrumental learning. These effects seem to require a fully functional opioid system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These BELs have been found in previous studies to exert pharmacologically significant effects during early development. Indeed, preweanlings appear to be highly sensitive to the positive reinforcing effects of such low doses of ethanol (Cheslock et al 2001;Petrov et al 2003;Nizhnikov et al 2006a, b;Bordner et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Infants also are sensitive to ethanol's appetitive motivational properties, as demonstrated through the use of Pavlovian learning paradigms and primary and second-order conditioning (Molina et al 2007. The use of operant techniques to evaluate the motivational effects of ethanol during early ontogeny has been recently documented in the literature (Bordner et al 2008;March et al 2009;Miranda-Morales et al 2010;Pautassi et al 2008b;Ponce et al 2008). The opioid neurotransmitter system is known to be involved in ethanol reinforcement and intake (Gianoulakis 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Naloxone attenuation of ethanol-reinforced operant responding in infant rats in a re-exposure paradigm

et al. 2011

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Self-administration of ethanol was established in terms of operant responding in preweanling rats with no previous exposure to the drug. Pairing of naloxone with ethanol, at a point separate in time from operant responding, reduced ethanol reinforcement. This indicated participation of the opioid system in ethanol reinforcement. This effect seems not to be unique to ethanol but also is observable when sucrose acts as reinforcer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Naloxone attenuation of ethanol-reinforced operant responding in infant rats in a re-exposure paradigm

et al. 2011

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“…At PD5, and following breathing evaluations, pups were removed from their maternal cages and were intraorally implanted with a cannula (PE-10) that allowed liquid infusions (Hall, 1979; Dominguez et al, 1996; Abate et al, 2001; Cheslock et al, 2001; Arias et al, 2007; Bordner et al, 2008; Miranda-Morales et al, 2014). They remained pair-housed in holding cages for 3 h until operant procedures took place.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these phenomena in perinatal rats, it was decided to employ similar central ethanol (100 mg%) and ACD (0.35 μmol) doses that have been observed to exert analogous motivational effects (Nizhnikov et al, 2007; March et al, 2013a,b). A second goal was to further analyze if central pre-exposure to the drug or its metabolite modulate subsequent seeking behavior of ethanol as a reinforcer in an operant task specifically developed for perinatal or infant rats (Arias et al, 2007; Bordner et al, 2008; March et al, 2009; Miranda-Morales et al, 2014). These goals were sequentially examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Acetaldehyde Exposure Impacts upon Neonatal Respiratory Plasticity and Ethanol-Related Learning in Rodents

Acevedo

D'aloisio

Haymal

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Prior studies indicate that neonates are very sensitive to ethanol's positive reinforcing effects and to its depressant effects upon breathing. Acetaldehyde (ACD) appears to play a major role in terms of modulating early reinforcing effects of the drug. Yet, there is no pre-existing literature relative to the incidence of this metabolite upon respiratory plasticity. The present study analyzed physiological and behavioral effects of early central administrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde or vehicle. Respiration rates (breaths/min) were registered at post-natal days (PDs) 2 and 4 (post-administration time: 5, 60, or 120 min). At PD5, all pups were placed in a context (plethysmograph) where they had previously experienced the effects of central administrations and breathing patterns were recorded. Following this test, pups were evaluated using and operant conditioning procedure where ethanol or saccharin served as positive reinforcers. Body temperatures were also registered prior to drug administrations as well as at the beginning and the end of each specific evaluation. Across days, breathing responses were high at the beginning of the evaluation session and progressively declined as a function of the passage of time. At PDs 2 and 4, shortly after central administration (5 min), ACD exerted a significant depression upon respiration frequencies. At PD5, non-intoxicated pups with a prior history of ACD central administrations, exhibited a marked increase in respiratory frequencies; a result that probably indicates a conditioned compensatory response. When operant testing procedures were conducted, prior ethanol or ACD central administrations were found to reduce the reinforcing effects of ethanol. This was not the case when saccharin was employed as a reinforcer. As a whole, the results indicate a significant role of central ACD upon respiratory plasticity of the neonate and upon ethanol's reinforcing effects; phenomena that affect the physiological integrity of the immature organism and its subsequent affinity for ethanol operationalized through self-administration procedures.

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Olfactory learning in the rat neonate soon after birth

Miller

Spear

2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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The first hours of a newborn rat’s life entail locating and attaching to the mother’s nipple not only for nutrition but also for protection and warmth. The present study sought to characterize olfactory learning in the rat neonate immediately after birth. Newborn rats were exposed to an odor at various time periods soon after birth and tested for behavioral activation and attachment to a surrogate nipple in the presence of this odor at 4–5 hours postpartum. Regardless of when pups were presented the odor (0, 1, or 2 hours after birth) motor activity was greater among pups previously exposed to the odor than pups with no odor experience. Similarly, latency to attach to the nipple in the presence of the odor was lower among odor-preexposed pups, especially when odor exposure began within an hour of cesarean delivery. Odor exposure immediately after birth for just 15 minutes was sufficient to increase motor activity and to decrease latency to attach to a similarly scented surrogate nipple. These results suggest that olfactory experience very soon after birth can shape subsequent olfactory responses. The relative importance of the dearth of postnatal experience or of elevated neurochemicals immediately after birth and possible associative mechanisms underlying this learning is discussed.

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Analysis of Ethanol Reinforcement in 1‐Day‐Old Rats: Assessment Through a Brief and Novel Operant Procedure

Cited by 22 publications

References 62 publications

Naloxone attenuation of ethanol-reinforced operant responding in infant rats in a re-exposure paradigm

Naloxone attenuation of ethanol-reinforced operant responding in infant rats in a re-exposure paradigm

Brain Acetaldehyde Exposure Impacts upon Neonatal Respiratory Plasticity and Ethanol-Related Learning in Rodents

Olfactory learning in the rat neonate soon after birth

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