Analysis of Exceptionally Large Tremors in Two Gold Mining Districts of South Africa

McGarr, A.; Bicknell, J.; Sembera, E.; Green, R. W. E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9270-4_3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This mechanism is also confirmed by the course of the displacements which had taken place at the surface (McGarr and Bicknell, 1990). After the exploitation in neighbouring mines, discontinuous deformations had formed on the surface in the vicinity of fault (unfortunately above longwall 729 no surface displacement measurements were performed).…”

Section: Longwall Panel Advancementioning

confidence: 59%

Archives of Mining Sciences

Tajduś

Cała

Tajduś

2018

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The coal exploitation in the Upper Silesia region (along the Vistula River) triggers the strata seismic activity, characterized by very high energy, which can create mining damage of the surface objects, without any noticeable damages in the underground mining structures. It is assumed that the appearance of the high energy seismic events is the result of faults' activation in the vicinity of the mining excavation. This paper presents the analysis of a case study of one coal mine, where during exploitation of the longwall panel no. 729, the high energy seismic events occurred in the faulty neighborhood. The authors had analyzed the cause of the presented seismic events, described the methods of energy decreasing and applied methods of prevention in the selected mining region. The analysis concluded that the cause of the high energy seismic events, during the exploitation of the longwall panel no. 729 was the rapid displacements on the fault surface. The fault's movements arose in the overburden, about 250 m above the excavated longwall panel, and they were strictly connected to the cracking of the thick sandstone layer.

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Section: Longwall Panel Advancementioning

confidence: 59%

Archives of Mining Sciences

Tajduś

Cała

Tajduś

2018

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“…The orientation of the double-couple mechanism, determined in this study for the October 30, 1994, dis-turbance, is similar to the orientation of normal faults observed in the Klerksdorp gold mining region (where the average depth of the mine is 2.3 km [McGarr et al, 1989]). Thus it seems reasonable to conclude that the disturbance of October 30, 1994, is caused by slip on a preexisting normal fault at a depth of about 2.3 km, in a gold mine in the Orange Free State district.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The October 30, 1994, seismic disturbance in South Africa: Earthquake or large rock burst?

Bowers¹

1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…In loose top soil situation seismometry data may not be good. Many investigators evaluated site response functions from moderate to weak motions of earthquakes (Tucker and King, 1984, King and Tucker, 1984, McGarr, et al, 1989, Field, et al, 1992, Steidl, et al, 1996, Toshinawa, et al, 1997, and Zaslavsky, et al, 2000. The main drawback of the reference site technique is the choice of reference motion, which represents the true input motion to the soil site.…”

Section: Review On Site Effect Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Estimation of Site Characteristics of an Earth Quake Prone Region

Seshunarayana

Natarajan

2021

Preprint

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The site amplification characteristic is an important part of evaluation of seismic hazard since much of the damage caused by earthquakes may be attributed directly to the ground shaking. Identifying ahead of time such areas which are prone to amplified ground shaking due to earthquake could greatly aid seismic hazard evaluation as well as improved hazard mitigation effects. It is also a well known fact that in most cases site amplification/ shaking is stronger in low shear wave velocity areas. The objective of the present study is to estimate site characteristics of as many as 116 sites in an area of approximately 35 sq.km comprising various geological units including soft alluvial deposits which not only tend to amplify certain frequencies of ground motion but also extend the duration of earth quake that may cause further damage. The basic idea of this study is to decipher the natural ground response during quite period as well as triggered response by spectral analysis. The methodology adopted for the study is modified micro tremor which is based on ambient noise as well as triggered response. Further, the spectral ratio of H/V of ambient noise and triggered data by Nakamura method with short duration data were also estimated. In addition, based on some empirical relations, the site response frequency and amplification were also computed using the shear wave velocity obtained up to a depth of 30 m (VS30) by the method of multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) and depth to bed rock estimated through refraction seismic studies. The results of the study has shown that a simple comparison of spectra of quiet time data and triggered time data revealed that in alluvial soils with thick overburden, the signal amplification is more at low frequency (< 10 Hz), whereas in thin overburden the amplification was found to be low at low frequencies. The salient features of the study with merits are presented herein.

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Analysis of Exceptionally Large Tremors in Two Gold Mining Districts of South Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Archives of Mining Sciences

Archives of Mining Sciences

The October 30, 1994, seismic disturbance in South Africa: Earthquake or large rock burst?

Spectral Estimation of Site Characteristics of an Earth Quake Prone Region

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