Analysis of Existing and Justification of Applying New Automatic System for Fire-and-Explosion Prevention at Vessels, Ships, Offshore Oil Platform

Abstract

Introduction. A brief analysis of catastrophic fires and explosions on the offshore oil platform, ships and vessels is performed. It’s shown the relevance of the qualitative improvement of marine fire equipment. Analysis of modern fire fighting systems on vessels, ships: sprinkler, deluge, gas and pneumatic-impulse fire extinguishing systems is carried out. It’s substantiated new equipment for upgrading existing systems — subsystems of multi-module pulse, vortex combined quenching for the protection of ships, vessels, tankers, offshore oil platforms. The choice of the arrangement of modules based on the results of polygon tests is described. There are created systems of modules for the upper decks, engine rooms, holds, corridors, gangways, sections, electrical cabinets, etc.The modules create gas-water squalls, gas-powder vortices that extinguish all fires and continuous fires in all or part of the compartment and deck in seconds. The participation of pilot modules in operations for eliminating the consequences of disasters in hard-to-reach zones of collapses, with high levels of radioactive and toxic contamination in emergency locations is described.Description and analysis of experiments. The recommendations on the use of multi-barrel modules based on the analysis of experiments on the creation of fine-dispersed water squalls for extinguishing developed fires of classes A, B, C, F, the inhibition of explosive vapor-air clouds, the deposition and detoxification of gas-air clouds of ammonia and chlorine are substantiated and developed. The localization and liquidation of oil and oil products are described. The possibility of reducing the cost of liquidation of 1 sq m of bottling from $ 20-40 to $ 1-3 is shown, and reducing the time for liquidation of bottles to 5-10 times, which in a more multiple degree will reduce material and environmental losses from oil bottling.Conclusion. The advantages of introducing new technology and techniques for eliminating the consequences of accidents at sea and preventing their development into a catastrophe are summarized.

Characteristics of fire protection systems examination during special technical specifications’ approval phase

“…It should be noted that designing evacuation methods without considering distance limit values is possible; calculation of fire risk in special technical conditions is a part of design documentation and has indefinite validity; in the working out of STS the planned actions of federal state fire supervision are carried out in full according to an item 6 FZ-123 [1] taking into account design decisions, replacing part of the requirements regulated by normative documents on fire safety [2]; additional technical actions introduced into the STC are subject to a single state expert review of the design documentation as part of the project [3,4].…”