Analysis of Expression Profiles of Genes Involved in FoF1-ATP Synthase Biogenesis During Perinatal Development in Rat Liver and Skeletal Muscle

Abstract

During the process of intra-uterine mammalian fetal development, the oxygen supply in growing fetus is low. A rapid switch from glycolysis-based metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) must proceed during early postnatal adaptation to extra-uterine conditions. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mammalian mitochondrial FOF1-ATP synthase assembly (complex V, EC 3.6.3.14, ATPase) are complex processes regulated by multiple transcription regulators and assembly factors. Using RNA expression analysis of rat liver and skeletal tissue (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout, 1769), we describe the expression profiles of 20 genes involved in mitochondrial maturation and ATP synthase biogenesis in detail between the 16th and 22nd day of gestation and the first 4 days of life. We observed that the most important expression shift occurred in the liver between the 20th and 22nd day of gestation, indicating that the fetus prepares for birth about two days before parturition. The detailed mechanism regulating the perinatal adaptation process is not yet known. Deeper insights in perinatal physiological development will help to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in the broader context of cell metabolism in preterm newborns or neonates with poor adaptation to extra-uterine life.

Proteomic Analysis of Chicken Skeletal Muscle during Embryonic Development

“…Skeletal muscle is an essential component of the animal body and its mass directly correlates with meat production (Güeller and Russell, 2010). Numerous studies have been identified proteome changes of skeletal muscle at different growth stages in chickens (Doherty et al, 2004;Teltathum and Mekchay, 2009;Liu et al, 2016b), pigs (Long et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016), cattle (Zhang et al, 2010), and rats (Spácilová et al, 2016). Embryonic myogenesis involves in a series of complex biological process, which is a major determinant of muscle mass (Buckingham, 2001).…”

Microarray and qPCR Analysis of Mitochondrial Metabolism Activation during Prenatal and Early Postnatal Development in Rats and Humans with Emphasis on CoQ10 Biosynthesis

“…Later, selected proteins were also studied in human foetal liver and skeletal muscle [ 9 , 35 ]. This work builds upon our pilot study [ 33 ] using a broad microarray dataset from the perinatal period to illustrate the orchestration of the mitochondrial metabolic response at the transcriptional level. Our data confirm the skeletal muscle as a model tissue whose development is rather gradual throughout the mammalian perinatal development.…”

“…To assess the reaction efficiency of each probe (ranging at least between 90% and 110%), a calibration curve was prepared with pooled cDNA sample at dilutions 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25% (V/V). For the normalisation expression of genes, Tbp and Psmb6 were used in the liver, while the expression of genes Hprt and Psmb6 were used in the skeletal muscle, similarly to previously published results [ 9 , 33 ]. GenEx software was used for reaction efficiency and relative quantification of all genes.…”

“…Our pilot study described the orchestration of mRNA expression of 20 genes important to ATPase biogenesis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the liver and muscle tissue during rat perinatal development ( Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769, var. alba; Wistar albino rat) [ 33 ]. We aimed to study changes in mitochondrial metabolism in perinatal period regardless of tissue type; therefore, skeletal muscle was chosen as a model tissue whose function stays generally unchanged throughout the mammalian perinatal period [ 33 ].…”

“…alba; Wistar albino rat) [ 33 ]. We aimed to study changes in mitochondrial metabolism in perinatal period regardless of tissue type; therefore, skeletal muscle was chosen as a model tissue whose function stays generally unchanged throughout the mammalian perinatal period [ 33 ]. On the other hand, during the prenatal and perinatal periods, the liver plays several roles—haematopoiesis (already starting at F14 according to [ 34 ]), and fatty acid β-oxidation and other metabolic pathways, which considerably fluctuate during ontogenesis.…”