Analysis of factors determining the formation of the weld pool in the orbital welding of non-rotating joints in pipes

Modelling the distribution of the heat flow and arc pressure in orbital TIG welding

“…It is very important to evaluate the thermal and force effects of the arc in the orbital welding of nonrotating joints in pipes in different spatial positions. 1 The unfavourable combination of these factors may result in the formation of burns, undercutting, lack of fusion defects, craters and other defects. 2 In the calculations it is usually assumed that the nature of distribution of the density of the heat flow and arc pressure on the surface of the metal are governed by the normal law, 3 and the radius of the effect of the arc is determined by experiments using the photographs of the jet of the results of measurements of current density.…”