Analysis of Fe content in daily food rations in principal socio-economic groups of population on the basis of questionnaire and analytical studies

Abstract

The study aimed at estimation of representative rations for the purpose of laboratory reconstruction of the rations on the basis of questionnaire studies in principal socio-economic groups in the Wielko-polska region. The reconstructed representative rations provided material for analytical studies. Sex of individuals and the four seasons of the year were taken into account. In all studied groups, daily food ratios covered lower proportions of recommended dietary allowances for Fe in females than in males. The food rations covered recommended dietary allowances for Fe only in physical or mental male workers. The improper relations between Fe and energy content in food rations of women at the reproductive age were found to deserve a serious concern. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the suggested way of determining representative rations may serve to evaluate Fe nutrition of pre-school children, children of primary schools, university students, mental and physical workers and of retired workers.

Fe, Ca and Mg contents in selected fast food products in Poland

“…The highest percentage of the recommended Fe intake could be covered by one serving of hamburger (15-23% RDA), fishburger (14-20% RDA), or chicken sandwich (13-20% RDA). The highest percentage of the recommended Ca intake could be covered by one serving of pizza (17-24% RDA) or cheeseburger (12-17% RDA); and for Mg one serving of french fries (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), chicken sandwich (10-17% RDA), or fishburger (9-15% RDA). From the conducted studies it may be concluded that some fast food products can serve as a source of Fe, Ca and Mg in the diet of people of various ages.…”

“…An unsatisfactory supply of these elements can lead to various diseases, e. g. anemia due to lack of iron, osteoporosis due to low of Ca and Mg consumption or heart diseases caused by dietary Mg deficiency [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In Poland, for many years in various groups of people too low a consumption of these elements in the daily diet has been observed [11][12][13][14][15]. Among adults, the daily Ca intake is 42 to 61% RDA, Mg -61 to 71% and Fe -67 to 90% [15].…”

“…Among school children (aged from 7 to 15), the daily intake of Ca is 53 to 63% RDA, Mg -72 to 83%, and Fe -65 to 83% [14]. Pre-school children (aged from 4-6) consume 85 to 91% of the recommended Ca and Fe and 120% of the recommended Mg requirement daily [12,13].…”

Wheat flour confectionery products as a source of inorganic nutrients: Iron and manganese contents in hard biscuits

“…Many investigations point out that Fe deficiency in children affects cognitive functions, learning processes and frequency of infective diseases [6][7][8][9]. Therefore, Szajkowski [10] underlines the importance of evaluating the Fe content in daily food rations, that may be based on analytical tests or on theoretical calculations using tables of nutrient content.…”