Analysis of Flood Fatalities in Texas

Sharif, Hatim O.; Jackson, Terrance; Hossain, Moazzem; Zane, David F.

doi:10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000145

Cited by 74 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…So, given the data exposed before, what conclusions can be exposed on prevention and especially early warning? Sharif et al [36] Of course, historical catastrophic events causing hundreds of deaths seem to be a thing of the past [37] but the number of fatalities is still too high. It is not possible to reduce to zero the number of deaths but it might be possible to reduce the human toll especially for huge events.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Flood-related Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flashflood-related mortality in southern France: first results from a new database

2016

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Abstract. Over the last 25 years, flash floods in the South of France have killed almost 250 people. The protection of prone populations is a priority for the French government. It is also a goal of the 2007 European flood directive. However, no accurate database exists gathering the fatalities due to floods in France. Fatalities are supposed to be rare and hazardous, mainly due to individual behaviour. A Ph. D. work has initiated the building of a database gathering a detailed analysis of the circumstances of death and the profiles of the deceased DJH JHQGHU« 7KH VWXG\ DUHD FRYHUV the French Mediterranean departments prone to flash floods over the period 1988-2015. This presentation details the main features of the sample, 244 fatalities collected through newspapers completed with field surveys near police services and municipalities. The sample is broken down between huge events that account for two thirds of the IDWDOLWLHV DQG ³VPDOO´ HYHQWV 4 % of the fatalities). Deaths at home account for 35 % of the total number of fatalities, mainly during huge events. 30 % of fatalities are related to vehicles. The last part of the work explains the relations between fatalities and prevention and how better knowledge of flood-related deaths can help to improve flood prevention. The given example shows the relationship between flood forecasting and fatalities. Half of the deaths took place in a small watershed (< 150 km 2 ). It emphasizes the need for the dissemination of a complementary system of flash flood forecast based on forecasted rainfall depth and adapted to small watersheds.

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Section: The Evolution Of Flood-related Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flashflood-related mortality in southern France: first results from a new database

2016

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“…Moreover, urban drainage infrastructure is designed to remove excess runoff from the surface, which concentrates flows and alters the time characteristics of the flow regime. The results include higher runoff volumes and faster and higher peak flow, which can cause downstream flooding, property and life loss (Fang et al 2014;Sharif et al 2014), erosion (Booth 1990) and habitat degradation (Booth and Jackson 1997). Urbanization also substantially decreases water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Optimization for Low-Impact Development Placement

Giacomoni

2015

International Low Impact Development Conference 2015

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The transformation of natural land cover to urban areas severely alters the hydrologic flow regime of watersheds. The negative impacts include the increase of surface runoff and decrease of infiltration rates, which can result in more frequent and intense flood events and the reduction of groundwater recharge. Low Impact Developments (LIDs) are strategies designed to better mimic the natural flow regime by promoting higher infiltration and the treatment of stormwater. Examples of LID structures are bio-gardens, green roofs, bio-swales and pervious pavements. While the expansion of LIDs in urban catchments would be desirable, retrofitting large urban watersheds with LIDs can be cost prohibitive. This study combines hydrologic simulation with a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) to find solutions in terms of LID design and location in urban catchments that maximize the environmental benefits and characterize the tradeoffs between LID performance indicators and costs. The solutions are evaluated in terms of costs, peak flow, and the Hydrologic Footprint Residence (HFR). The HFR is a new metric designed to quantify the impacts of urbanization in the hydrologic regime by representing the dynamics of inundated areas and residence time of flood waves. The results provide a basis for better stormwater management and planning because tradeoff curves provide a wider spectrum of designs and placement guidelines, improving the sustainability of urban watersheds.

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“…The annual flood loss data for the United States (National Weather Service, NWS, 2015; see Figure 1 below) indicate that although flood warning has been improving, owing to the increase in both detection and understanding of the causes of heavy-to-extreme precipitation, floods still cause large losses with an annual average in the last 30 y of 89 fatalities and $8.2 billion in damages (Kunkel, Karl, Brooks et al 2013;Kunkel, Karl, Easterling et al 2013). Sharif et al (2014) point out that the annual average number of fatalities in Texas is 16.8 with no apparent downward trend, although a decline may be seen when normalized by population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Variations in Hydrologic, Hydraulic and Hydrometeorological Controls on Inundation in Urban Areas

Nazari

Seo

Muttiah

2016

JWMM

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There is a great need for timely prediction of the extent and depth of flooding and related hazards in highly populated urban areas such as the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex (DFW). The hydrologic, hydraulic and hydrometeorological processes involved and the large number of factors that control them are complex, interrelated and generally scale dependent, which makes real time prediction of flood inundation in urban areas particularly challenging. In addition, a large number of human created structures such as channels, pipes, culverts, buildings, parking lots and manholes add complexity. With continuing urbanization and climate change, it is critical that the dynamics of urban flooding be better understood to improve prediction and to mitigate water related hazards under changing conditions. In this work, we assess how different factors may impact urban flood inundation using the 1D-2D PCSWMM model through a series of controlled simulation experiments. The main study area is the 3.3 km 2 Forest Park-Berry catchment in Fort Worth in North Central Texas, which has a high density of underground storm drainage.Specifically, we assess the impact of variations in precipitation and impervious cover on simulated inundation maps.

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Analysis of Flood Fatalities in Texas

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

Flashflood-related mortality in southern France: first results from a new database

Flashflood-related mortality in southern France: first results from a new database

Use of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Optimization for Low-Impact Development Placement

Assessing the Impact of Variations in Hydrologic, Hydraulic and Hydrometeorological Controls on Inundation in Urban Areas

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