Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols in soils: Optimization of extraction and chromatography

Ellington, J. Jackson; Washington, John W.; Evans, John J.; Jenkins, Thomas M.; Hafner, Sarah C.; Neill, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.035

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Concentrations of 15 PFC homologs (Table 1) were determined in surface waters, sediments, or tissues. In addition, concentrations of fluorotelomer acids were determined in surface waters and sediments using the method of Ellington et al [26]. Method detection limits (MDLs) for individual PFC homologs were low, ranging from 0.005 to 0.028 ng/g for surface waters, 0.023 to 0.297 ng/g (dry wt) for sediments, and 0.023 to 0.174 ng/g (wet wt) for tissues, and recoveries of internal standards for sediments (71-92%) and tissues (65-124%) were satisfactory (Table S7).…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus

Lasier

Washington

Hassan

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Concentrations of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) were measured in surface waters and sediments from the Coosa River watershed in northwest Georgia, USA, to examine their distribution downstream of a suspected source. Samples from eight sites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sediments were also used in 28-d exposures with the aquatic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, to assess PFC bioaccumulation. Concentrations of PFCs in surface waters and sediments increased significantly below a land-application site (LAS) of municipal/industrial wastewater and were further elevated by unknown sources downstream. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with eight or fewer carbons were the most prominent in surface waters. Those with 10 or more carbons predominated sediment and tissue samples. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the major homolog in contaminated sediments and tissues. This pattern among sediment PFC concentrations was consistent among sites and reflected homolog concentrations emanating from the LAS. Concentrations of PFCs in oligochaete tissues revealed patterns similar to those observed in the respective sediments. The tendency to bioaccumulate increased with PFCA chain length and the presence of the sulfonate moiety. Biota-sediment accumulation factors indicated that short-chain PFCAs with fewer than seven carbons may be environmentally benign alternatives in aquatic ecosystems; however, sulfonates with four to seven carbons may be as likely to bioaccumulate as PFOS.

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Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus

Lasier

Washington

Hassan

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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“…Land application of treated sewage sludge (biosolids) may release PFAAs and their precursors into the soils [27][28][29]. Yoo et al [27] and Washington et al [29] reported the accumulation of PFAAs and FTOHs in soils as a result of land use of biosolids from industrial sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is essential to establish fast and reliable analytical methods for precursors and their intermediates and terminal metabolites in biosolids-amended soils and plants. While there are a number of peer-reviewed publications reporting extraction methods for PFAAs and FTOHs in solid and biological matrices [28,[31][32][33][34], methodological studies on the extraction of FTOHs and their degradation products from plants are limited. In this study, the efficiency of different extractants, which have been reported for extracting PFAAs and FTOHs from solid and biological samples [7,26,30,[35][36][37], including acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), NaOH-MeOH and NaOH-MTBE for the extraction of FTOHs degradation products of poly-and perfluorinated acids, and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and MeOH for the extraction of FTOHs, was tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols and their degradation products in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Zhang

Wen

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tDegradation of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) was recognized as an additional source of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Quantification of FTOHs and their degradation products can help shed light on the sources and fates of PFCAs in the environment. In this study, an analytical method was developed for the determination of 6:2 and 8:2 FTOHs, and their degradation products of poly-and perfluorinated acids, including fluorotelomer saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids (FTCAs and FTUCAs), secondary polyfluorinated alcohols and PFCAs in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The extract efficiencies of different methods including ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH) for FTOHs and acetonitrile, MeOH, methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), NaOH-MeOH and NaOH-MTBE for poly-and perfluorinated acids were tested. The results showed that 6:2 and 8:2 FTOHs and their degradation products could be simultaneously and satisfactorily extracted by MeOH, cleaned up by Envi-Carb graphitized carbon and solid phase extraction, respectively, and determined by UPLC-MS/MS separately. NaOH in the extractant caused the conversion of 6:2 FTCA and 8:2 FTCA into the corresponding FTUCAs. The selected methods have matrix recoveries ranged from 52% to 102%, and detection limits of 0.01-0.46 ng/g dry weight for FTOHs and their degradation products in soil and plant. The optimized method was applied successfully to quantify FTOHs and their degradation products in two biosolids-amended soils and plants. The total concentrations of FTOHs in the soils were 44.1 ± 5.8 and 82.6 ± 7.1 ng/g, and in plants tissues 3.58 ± 0.25 and 8.33 ± 0.66 ng/g. The total concentrations of poly-and perfluorinated acids in the soils were 168.0 ± 13.2 and 349.6 ± 11.2 ng/g, and in plants tissues 78.0 ± 6.4 and 75.5 ± 5.3 ng/g.

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“…The obtained LODs are as FTOHs are usually analysed after extraction with organic solvent. Therefore, water is not present in high concentrations and do not interfere with the derivatization process [54]. Using 3 as APLI label, water can be present in moderate amounts.…”

Section: Alcoholsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New derivatization strategies for the ultrasensitive analysis of non-aromatic analytes with APLI-TOF-MS

2015

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Atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI) (Constapel et al. in Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19:326-336, 2005; Schiewek et al. in Anal Chem 79:4135-4140, 2007; Schmitz and Benter (2007) J Chromatography Library 72:89-114) is an ultra-sensitive and selective ionization method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds. The selectivity is an advantage but also a disadvantage. To overcome the limitation of APLI to aromatic compounds, we have already reported some derivatization strategies for common organic functional groups (Schiewek et al. in Angew Chem Int Ed 47:9989-9992, 2008). Here, we describe the synthesis of new APLI ionization labels and their use in new derivatization strategies. These new labels widen the range of APLI-(TOF)MS analysis to non-aromatic compounds with the most common functional groups such as amines, alcohols and carboxylic acids to gas chromatography (GC) and lower the limits of detection (LOD) down to concentrations as small as pmol/L and attomole on column.

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Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols in soils: Optimization of extraction and chromatography

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus

Perfluorinated chemicals in surface waters and sediments from northwest Georgia, USA, and their bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus

Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols and their degradation products in biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

New derivatization strategies for the ultrasensitive analysis of non-aromatic analytes with APLI-TOF-MS

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