Analysis of follicular fluid and serum markers of oxidative stress in women with unexplained infertility by Raman and machine learning methods

Abstract

Oocytes are surrounded by a fluid called follicular fluid, which provides an essential microenvironment for developing oocytes in human fertility. Various molecules exist in antral follicles, including proteins, steroid hormones, polysaccharides, metabolites, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants. Oxidative stress is involved in the etiology of defective oocyte development or poor oocyte and embryo quality. Raman spectroscopy, a noninvasive method, can be used for biological diagnostics and direct chemical identification of follicular fluid. Therefore, we measured the oxidative index of follicular fluids and then attempted Raman spectroscopy on the follicular fluids combined with machine learning techniques to identify, detect, and quantify follicular fluid of unexplained infertility-diagnosed women as a safe and effective tool to use as adjacent for clinical studies. This was a retrospective study set in an academic hospital where the patients were selected from an unexplained infertilitydiagnosed population in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. Raman spectra of 128 follicular fluid samples (n = 63 control; and 65 unexplained infertility) were obtained. To profile Raman-based results of follicular fluid, oxidative load measurements, multivariate analysis, correlation tests, and six machine learning methods were used. Raman bands associated with oxidative load and amide III and lipids differed significantly. Classification using stacks of Raman signals was applied by random forest, C5.0 decision tree algorithm, k-nearest neighbors, deep neural networks, support vector machine, and XGBoost trees Joanna Depciuch and Zozan Guleken are equal senior authors.

Mechanistic Advances on Developmental Initiation, Maturation, and Ovulation of Oocytes in Domestic Cattle

“…Through the analysis of follicular fluid, follicular development, and oocyte quality can be assessed non-invasively. Raman spectroscopy can be used for biological diagnostics and chemical identification of follicular fluid [77]. Metabolomic analysis can investigate the composition and changes of metabolites in follicular fluid and their relationship with oocyte quality and IVF outcomes [78].…”

Desenvolvimento de >i<scaffolds>/i< de quitosana/gelatina/xerogel de tanino-glutaraldeído para aplicação em engenharia de tecidos

“…A Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) é uma técnica analítica de grande relevância na caracterização e análise de materiais, pois possibilita a identificação da composição de uma variedade de compostos, além de fornecer informações sobre suas interações químicas (DEPCIUCH et al, 2023).…”