Analysis of force effects measured in the tractor three-point linkage

Čupera, Jiří; Bauer, František; Severa, L.; Tatíček, Marek

doi:10.17221/26/2010-rae

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The main factor that affects tractor energy consumption and efficiency is the resistance from the force between soil and tillage tools [8,9] . Therefore, it is particularly important to install sensors in the three-point hitch mechanism and establish a tillage resistance measurement system that can effectively optimize farming power and reduce the risk of soil compaction by wheels [10][11][12] , and fuel consumption during farming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of hitch force measurement system has been explored from two aspects: direct methods using force sensors or strain gauges, and indirect methods using hitch frame structures. The force sensor or strain gauge detection method is to measure the hitch force by the five-drawbar force measurement method [11][12][13] , the three-pin summation force measurement method [14,15] , or the sticking strain gauge method [16,17] without the aid of the external frame structure. According to Bauer et al [12] , five pulling sensors installed respectively at the upper-lower drawbars and the lifting drawbar to obtain the force on each drawbar and the total hitch force could be calculated, so as to analyze the soil compaction problem caused by the different loads on the rear wheel of the tractor tilting during furrow farming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and performance analysis of indoor calibration device for the force-measuring system of the tractor three-point hitch

Dai,

Chen,

Mao

et al. 2023

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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The real-time monitoring of the load in farming by the sensor installed on the tractor's three-point hitch can effectively improve the farming efficiency and force-position combined control, reduce the compaction risk of the wheel on the soil and reduce the fuel consumption in farming process. However, the measurement and quantification of the loads on the three-point hitch have some problems remaining unresolved: testing the accuracy and reliability of a load measuring system is hard when the tractor works in a field, the mathematical model of spatial forces usually lacks a practical and effective validation, and the calibration process of the measurement system is inconvenient and incomplete while easily causing a low accuracy. Specifically, this paper builds a new spatial-force mathematical model based on the geometry of a three-point hitch.To eliminate the discrepancy of the geometric model with the actual structure and to refine the mathematical model, a calibration process is conducted by developing a calibration bench, which is equipped with a data acquisition system and a multi-parameter monitoring interface. The three-point hitch installed on this calibration bench is subject to steady-state loading. The loading force, angle of the lower drawbar, and three-component forces (three shaft pin sensors' forces) of the three-point hitch are well measured. With applying for the measured data to calibrate the theoretical mathematic model eventually derives the resultant force from all the three-component forces, a dynamical loading bench was developed to test the calculated resultant force for the three-point hitch during the sinusoidal and randomly variant dynamical loadings tests. A hitch force measurement system is also developed to collect real-time data and calculate the resultant force of measured three-component forces through the calibrated mathematical model. The results of the dynamical loading tests show that the average relative error MRE = 1.09% with an average force measurement time delay being Δt = 0.5 s, the root mean square error RMSE = 59.3 N, and the coefficient of determination R 2 = 0.9903. As observed, the shape and the trend of the generated resultant force curve are basically the dynamical loading force. The dynamical loading test proves the high efficacy and reliability of the proposed indoor calibration method for calculating the load based on the three-component forces as measured on the three-point hitch. Besides, the preliminary study of the proposed method on the hitch load provides great potential to improve the indoor sixcomponent measurement and quantification of both the force and momentum acting on the three-point hitch.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and performance analysis of indoor calibration device for the force-measuring system of the tractor three-point hitch

Dai,

Chen,

Mao

et al. 2023

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

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“…Depending on the type (i.e., shape, size, fixing method) of the tested element, the structure and dimensions of test stands differ. However, they all enable experiments to be conducted for small tools which make up a larger structure [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Such structural diversity of test stands makes it possible to measure characteristic parameters for the given agricultural machine at the selected nodes [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the Design Features of a Dynamometer for Measuring Resistance Biaxial Components of Symmetrical Coulters

Marcinkiewicz

Spadło

Staszak

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The article lays out the methodology for shaping the design features of a strain gauge transducer, which would make it possible to study forces and torques generated during the operation of symmetrical seeder coulters. The transducers that have been known up until now cannot be used to determine forces and torques for the coulter configuration adopted by the authors. For this purpose, the design of the transducer in the form of strain gauge beams was used to ensure the accumulated stress concentration. A detailed design was presented in the form of a 3D model, along with a transducer body manufactured on its basis, including the method for arranging the strain gauges thereon. Moreover, the article discusses the methodology of processing voltage signals obtained from component loads. Particular attention was paid to the methodology of determining the load capacity of the transducer structure, based on finite element method (FEM). This made it possible to choose a transducer geometry providing the expected measurement sensitivity and, at the same time, maintaining the best linearity of indications, insignificant coupling error, and a broad measurement range. The article also presents the characteristics of the transducer calibration process and a description of a special test stand designed for this purpose. The transducer developed within the scope of this work provides very high precision of load spectrum reads, thus enabling the performance of a detailed fatigue analysis of the tested designs. Additionally, the versatility it offers makes it easy to adapt to many existing test stands, which is a significant advantage because it eliminates the need to build new test stands.

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“…The hitching system significantly affects the tractor performance. There are several studies (Bentaher et al, 2008;Čupera & Šmerda, 2010;Čupera et al, 2011;Molari et al, 2014;Prasanna Kumar, 2015) on three-point hitch system to improve the tractor performance. Single hitch point (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hitch distance on haulage performance for 2WD tractors: A theoretical analysis

Kumar¹,

Pranav²,

Pal³

2020

Span. j. agric. res.

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Aim of study: A computer program was developed in Visual Basic 10 environment for predicting the haulage performance of 2WD tractors using various empirical and theoretical equations.Methodology: Three types of inputs related to tractor, trailer and operating parameters were used to calculate the performance parameters through empirical and theoretical equations. The performance parameters included mainly draft, slip, transport efficiency, transport productivity, fuel economy index, rear and front axle dynamic weight, etc. The program was used to evaluate the haulage performance by varying hitch distance (HD) at various operating conditions.Main results: On one hand lower HD was beneficial in increasing the maximum payload, transport productivity as well as the maximum slope; but at the same time, it reduced the rear axle dynamic load, fuel economy index and actual engine power requirement.Research highlights: There was a markable effect of HD over tractor performance which can play a role to optimize traction and stability.

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Analysis of force effects measured in the tractor three-point linkage

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Design and performance analysis of indoor calibration device for the force-measuring system of the tractor three-point hitch

Design and performance analysis of indoor calibration device for the force-measuring system of the tractor three-point hitch

Shaping the Design Features of a Dynamometer for Measuring Resistance Biaxial Components of Symmetrical Coulters

Effect of hitch distance on haulage performance for 2WD tractors: A theoretical analysis

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