Analysis of Fungicide Sensitivity and Genetic Diversity among Colletotrichum Species in Sweet Persimmon

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth and development of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine, and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective (EC50 < 0.1 μg/ml), and pyrimethanil was the least effective (EC50 = 50 μg/ml), at inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showed relatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results are useful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basis for monitoring the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains to fungicides.

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confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Different Classes of Fungicides on Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Fruit and Vegetables

Kim

Shin

Gumilang

et al. 2016

“…In addition, the TEF-1α gene and β-tubulin gene were widely employed in the PCR-RFLP technique because they are easy to use taxonomically. The β-tubulin gene information is often used to study the identification of a pathogen or population (Donaldson et al, 1995; Dubey et al, 2014; Gang et al, 2015; Kim and Min, 2004). However, this study showed that β-tubulin RFLP and phylogenetic analysis Fusarium wilt pathogen is not significantly different from other pathogen isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 0 signified absence while 1 signified the presence of a particular band. Based on PCR-RFLP analysis, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) method dendrograms were determined via genetic variance between the isolates and then discriminant analysis and construction according to linear combinations of the variables was used to determine the maximum separation between the isolates using XLSTAT program (www.xlstat.com) (Gang et al, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Genetic Diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae Using PCR-RFLP

Kim

Kang

Kwak

et al. 2017

Self Cite

Fusarium wilts of strawberry, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, is a serious soil-borne disease. Fusarium wilt causes dramatic yield losses in commercial strawberry production and it is a very stubborn disease to control. Reliable chemical control of strawberry Fusarium wilt disease is not yet available. Moreover, other well-known F. oxysporum have different genetic information from F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. This analysis investigates the genetic diversity of strawberry Fusairum wilt pathogen. In total, 110 pathogens were isolated from three major strawberry production regions, namely Sukok, Hadong, Sancheong in Gyeongnam province in South Korea. The isolates were confirmed using F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae species-specific primer sets. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses were executed using the internal transcribed spacer, intergenic spacer, translation elongation factor1-α, and β-tubulin genes of the pathogens and four restriction enzymes: AluI, HhaI, HinP1I and HpyCH4V. Regarding results, there were diverse patterns in the three gene regions except for the β-tubulin gene region. Correlation analysis of strawberry cultivation region, cultivation method, variety, and phenotype of isolated pathogen, confirmed that genetic diversity depended on the classification of the cultivated region.

“…Development of cultivars with a shorter ripening period or with a thicker waxy cuticle may allow the fruit to escape infection by the fungus (Harp et al, 2008; Lewis-Ivey et al, 2004). Chemical control is among the most commonly used strategies for management of fungal diseases (Gang et al, 2015). Chemical control of anthracnose includes use of benzimidazoles, strobilurins, dicarboximides, and demethylation inhibitors which are single-site mode-of-action fungicides (Young et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Resistance arising from mutations in target proteins is reported for single-site inhibitors and there is less risk of developing resistance with multi-site inhibitors (FRAC, 2014). Monitoring the development of fungicide resistance is necessary to (i) detect for selection of resistant phenotypes after prolonged chemical use, (ii) streamline chemical control strategies and cost associated with chemical use, and (iii) reduce environmental impact due to accumulation of fungicides (Gang et al, 2015). This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the sensitivity of Fusarium and Colletotrichum isolates infecting bell pepper to fungicides with different modes of action.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fungicide Sensitivity among Isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex Infecting Bell Pepper in Trinidad

Ramdial

Abreu

Rampersad

2017

Bell pepper is an economically important crop worldwide; however, production is restricted by a number of fungal diseases that cause significant yield loss. Chemical control is the most common approach adopted by growers to manage a number of these diseases. Monitoring for the development to resistance to fungicides in pathogenic fungal populations is central to devising integrated pest management strategies. Two fungal species, Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) and Colletotrichum truncatum are important pathogens of bell pepper in Trinidad. This study was carried out to determine the sensitivity of 71 isolates belonging to these two fungal species to fungicides with different modes of action based on in vitro bioassays. There was no significant difference in log effective concentration required to achieve 50% colony growth inhibition (LogEC50) values when field location and fungicide were considered for each species separately based on ANOVA analyses. However, the LogEC50 value for the Aranguez-Antracol location-fungicide combination was almost twice the value for the Maloney/Macoya-Antracol location-fungicide combination regardless of fungal species. LogEC50 values for Benomyl fungicide was also higher for C. truncatum isolates than for FIESC isolates and for any other fungicide. Cropping practices in these locations may explain the fungicide sensitivity data obtained.