Analysis of G(-174)C IL-6 polymorphism and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral arterial disease

Abstract

Aims:To determine whether the G(−174)C interleukin 6 (IL-6) polymorphism influences the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This was investigated by comparing the distribution of G(−174)C genotypes between patients with type 2 diabetes and PAD (PAD+) and those with type 2 diabetes but without PAD (PAD−). Plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, C reactive protein (CRP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also compared in PAD+and PAD−patients.Methods:Blood samples were collected from 146 PAD+and 144 PAD−patients.SfaNI was used to determine the G(−174)C genotype. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, CRP, and VEGF were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The GG genotype was more common in PAD+patients than in PAD−patients. PAD+patients also had increased mean plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, CRP, and VEGF compared with PAD−patients. Mean plasma concentrations of IL-6, fibrinogen, and CRP in both PAD+and PAD−patients were higher in those with the GG genotype than in those with the GC or CC genotypes. In contrast, mean plasma concentrations of VEGF in PAD+and PAD−patients were not significantly different between those with different G(−174)C genotypes.Conclusions:These results support a model in which the GG genotype promotes PAD development among individuals with type 2 diabetes by inducing increased release of IL-6. Higher concentrations of IL-6 among those with the GG genotype is associated with increased plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and CRP.

Neopterin: A potential marker in chronic peripheral arterial disease

“…Thus, we hypothesize that N is useful in identifying the activated process of macrophage cells in patients with chronic PAD. It is known that different biomarkers of inflammation, such as interleukins or metalloproteinases are elevated both in chronic and more severe PAD patients (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Results of this study have shown the involvement of activated macrophages in chronic arterial disease of the lower limbs, albeit not symptomatic.…”

Polymorphism of 270 A > G in BRAP is Associated with Lower Ankle-Brachial Index in a Taiwanese Population

“…The G-174C IL-6 polymorphism had been documented to increase the development of PAD 41,42) and incidence of CVD [43][44][45] . The risk GG genotype of IL-6 can increase IL-6 release 41,42) , which in turn increases the release of fibrinogen and CRP 42) . From the Framingham Offspring Study 37) , increased serum IL-6 and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) levels were associated with ABI decline and clinical PAD (intermittent claudication).…”

Impact of type 2 diabetes on the plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptors type 1 and type 2 in patients with peripheral arterial disease

“…They found significantly lower VEGF expression in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes in comparison with the control group and emphasized the involvement of other above-mentioned factors in angiogenesis. Libra et al (2006) analyzed the impact of genetic polymorphism on interleukin-6 (IL-6) which affects VEGF secretion. Specific IL-6 genotypes were identified in individuals with type 2 diabetes coexistent with PAD, which induced higher VEGF levels in diabetic patients with PAD.…”