Analysis of Geiger-mode APD laser radars

Johnson, Steven; Gatt, Philip; Nichols, Terry

doi:10.1117/12.486384

Cited by 60 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…If the arrival time of the echo pulse is t s t s T s τ s , this type of false alarm event only happens in the range of pulse width p w in front of time t s or at the back of time t s p w . Therefore, for single detection, the false alarm probability of Case 1 can be expressed as Pjt s − t f a j < p w or jt f a − t s p w j < p w P f a p w T G ; (8) where t f a is the time value of the false alarm event. For multipulsed detection mode, the probability of the events fired by an echo signal and by noise obeys the binomial distribution.…”

Section: False Alarm Probability Of Two Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the laser ranging system using a GM-APD as a detector has the ability to determine the position of targets kilometers away with high depth resolution [7]. Owing to its extremely high gain, the output of a GM-APD can directly drive the subsequent digital signal processing circuits, and the benefits of GM-APD are its ability to minimize the integrated circuit size and enable a growth path to develop a large-format array, which is the key device for scannerless three-dimensional (3D) imaging laser radar [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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False alarm suppression of multipulsed laser ranging system with Geiger-mode detector

Luo

et al. 2015

Appl. Opt.

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The false alarm probability is of great concern when designing and evaluating the performance of a multipulsed laser ranging system with a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode. In this paper, based on the statistical distribution difference of the arrival time of the echo photons and noise in the time histogram, a false alarm suppression algorithm is presented. According to the data-processing method of the algorithm, the theoretical model of target detection and false alarm probability with a Poisson statistic and the system working at long dead time is established. With typical system design parameters, the target detection probability under different echo intensity and detection number is analyzed, and the influence of four main factors, namely, detection number, echo intensity, noise, and echo position, on the false alarm probability is investigated. The results show that multipulsed detection can improve the target detection probability, and using this developed algorithm, the false alarm probability can be effectively suppressed, to obtain an appropriate false alarm probability; it is suitable that the detection number is selected as 8; and stronger echo intensity, lower noise level, and a more frontal echo position can result in a lower false alarm probability.

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Section: False Alarm Probability Of Two Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False alarm suppression of multipulsed laser ranging system with Geiger-mode detector

Luo

et al. 2015

Appl. Opt.

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“…In a direct detection laser radar, the number of target-return photoelectrons from a diffuse target follows a negative-binomial distribution [6] .The negative-binomial distribution is a Poisson distribution whose mean is modulated by gamma distributed speckle noise, which is characterized by the level of speckle diversity, M, which is equal to the product of the number of spatial, spectral, temporal, and polarization degrees of freedom. In a typical laser radar application, the laser pulse is very short.…”

Section: Analysis Of Geiger-mode Apd Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

3D imaging laser radar using Geiger-mode APDs: analysis and experiments

Guo

Guo-qin

Shu

2010

Laser Radar Technology and Applications XV

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For a direct-detection 3D imaging ladar, the use of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (APD) could greatly enhance the detection efficiency of the receiver since each range measurement requires only one detected photon. Single photon sensitivity of the detector offers significant advantages in reducing receiver size, mass and power and reducing laser complexity. This paper studies the 3D imaging ladar using APDs which are actively quenched and gated to operate at Geiger-mode to detect short weak laser echo pulse. The detection model of this detector as well as the detection probability and false alarm probability for this ladar is analyzed and discussed. The analysis shows that the major factors influencing system design are the background light noise and the dead time of the Geiger-mode APD. Then the noise which affects the false alarm probability is analyzed and calculated and the measures to extract the weak signal echo from a high noise background are put forward. The research also shows that using a detector array instead of a single detector could reduce the false alarm probability by orders of magnitude. Finally a 3D imaging brassboard system which utilizes Geiger-mode APDs, a fast pulse, high repetition rate laser, and an optical scanner is described, and some experimental results obtained by this system are presented and analyzed. The results suggest that if the background light noise is sufficiently suppressed, 3D images of the targets could be successfully taken by the ladar using Geiger-mode APDs.

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“…However, they cannot model the timecorrelation of the dead time. To model the time-correlation of the dead time, several models [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15] have been proposed for gated GM-APDs without the afterpulsing effect. The gate-limit assumption is the basic assumption for these models, where the need to consider dead time only exists within the gate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Performance Prediction for Gated and Free-Running Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes

Zhao¹,

Yan²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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This letter proposes a universal discrete-time recurrence (UDR) method to predict the response performance of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APDs), where performance prediction for a free-running GM-APD is realized beyond the gate-limit assumption for the first time. The dead time effect is summarized as the discrete-time correlation law, and the afterpulsing is firstly incorporated in the performance prediction theory as an equivalent noise source. Simulations with appropriate parameters verified the high accuracy and low calculation-time requirements of the UDR method.

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Analysis of Geiger-mode APD laser radars

Cited by 60 publications

References 5 publications

False alarm suppression of multipulsed laser ranging system with Geiger-mode detector

False alarm suppression of multipulsed laser ranging system with Geiger-mode detector

3D imaging laser radar using Geiger-mode APDs: analysis and experiments

Universal Performance Prediction for Gated and Free-Running Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes

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