Analysis of gender effects upon verbal and visual memory performance in adults

Trahan, Donald E.; Quintana, J.

doi:10.1093/arclin/5.4.325

Cited by 43 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Considering the effects of our norms more closely, we found that age and sex had significant main effects on memory performance as expected, whereas education did not have a main effect. This is consistent with the well-established effects of age and sex on memory; namely memory declines as a function of age and females consistently outperform males across the age range (Kramer et al, 2003;Lundervold et al, 2014;Ragland, et al, 2000;Trahan & Quintana, 1990). However, we found no significant main effect of education level, most likely due to restricted variability in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Robust normative standards for the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) ages 60–89: A tool for early detection of memory impairment

Kramer

Casaletto

Umlauf

et al. 2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Objective: To detect cognitive "impairment," neuropsychologists rely on normative data to compare patient performance to "normal" peers. However, the true normality of normative samples may be called into question given the high prevalence of preclinical proteinopathies amongst clinically normal older adults. Given its common use in memory clinics, we aimed to develop a robust California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) normative standard reflecting only the most cognitively stable sample of older adults available.Method: Two hundred and twenty-eight older adults (mean age = 69.9, range = 60-89, 91% White, mean education = 17.6 years) who were clinically normal at baseline and demonstrated clinical stability on longitudinal assessment completed the CVLT at baseline. We applied a standardized algorithm to convert raw scores into normalized scaled scores and then regressed on age, sex, and education using fractional polynomial modeling.Results: There were significant main effects of age and sex across CVLT metrics, but not education. Means and standard deviations were higher and less variable in our robust normative data than the data used to create the CVLT-II and CVLT-3 normative standards.Conclusions: These norms set a higher standard for what should be considered "normal" in the spectrum of age-related memory changes and may help clinicians identify patients with memory and potential neurodegenerative changes in the earliest stages, further optimizing clinical management and clinical trial stratification. As with any standard, these robust norms are only appropriately utilized with patients that closely match the demographic profile of the individuals represented in the sample used for this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Robust normative standards for the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) ages 60–89: A tool for early detection of memory impairment

Kramer

Casaletto

Umlauf

et al. 2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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“…18 The VARK styles of learning showed significant differences along gender lines which is in line with previous studies. [19][20][21][22][23][24] The present study also examined the impact of learning styles on academic performance and mental health. Results of coefficients of correlations revealed that GPA was negatively and significantly related to the visual and kinesthetic type of learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning styles, academic performance and mental health among medical students in King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

Mohammad Ayoob Lone,

Omar Fahad AlButaysh,

Meshal Ali Alessa

et al. 2024

J Pak Med Assoc

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Objectives: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of various learning styles among medical students and their correlations with academic performances and mental health issues in these students in KSA.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 (Male =179, Females =136) students studying in college of medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia between January and June 2019. VARK (Visual Aural Read/write Kinesthetic) questionnaire was used to explore the learning styles of students. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess the mental health. The participants’ demographic data, grade point average, and scores of all measures were presented using descriptive statistics. Correlation test were used to explore the relationship between learning styles, academic performance and mental health of students. Result: The results indicated that approximately half of the students (51.7%) had preferred unimodal learning style and 48.3% students preferred multimodal. Among the unimodal learning styles, the most common learning style was aural (29%), followed by visual (16.8%), read/write (3.5%) and kinesthetic (1.9%), while 28.3% participants preferred bimodal mode of learning. There were significant differences between male and female participants. Male students preferred visual and quardimodal style of learning while female students preferred only aural type of learning. Academic achievement was associated with learning style. However, no relationship was observed between DASS-21 scores and different learning styles. Conclusion: The most preferred learning styles among medical students were aural and bimodal. Learning styles were significantly related to grade point average and no relation exit between mental health and learning styles.

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“…We assessed crude models and models adjusted with education, relationship status, diet, and physical activity. All analyses were conducted separately in males and females, as alcohol consumption differs between the two sexes [ 61 ] and performance in visual memory tests, including the PAL test, has also been reported to be different in males and females [ 62 , 63 ]. Additionally, we performed multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) on the drinking data, incorporating information on drinking habits and other covariates from both visits [ 64 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual memory and alcohol use in a middle-aged birth cohort

Mazumder,

Barnett,

Halt

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Light and moderate alcohol use has been reported to be associated with both impaired and enhanced cognition. The purpose of this study was to explore whether there was a linear relationship between visual memory and alcohol consumption in males and females in a large middle-aged birth cohort population in cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. Data were collected from 5585 participants completing 31-year (1997–1998) and 46-year (2012–2014) follow-ups including Paired Associate Learning (PAL) test at 46-years follow-up. The participants were originally from 12,231 study population of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966). The PAL test was conducted to assess visual memory. Reported alcohol use was measured as total daily use of alcohol, beer, wine, and spirits converted into grams and as frequency and amount of use of beer, wine, and spirits. The total daily alcohol use was not associated with reduced visual memory. The frequency of use of beer and wine in males was associated with better visual memory in cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. Using six or more servings of spirits was associated with worse visual memory in males in cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. Using six or more servings of spirits was associated with worse visual memory in males in cross-sectional and longitudinal setting. The study suggested a lack of a linear association between drinking and visual memory in the middle-aged population.

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Analysis of gender effects upon verbal and visual memory performance in adults

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Robust normative standards for the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) ages 60–89: A tool for early detection of memory impairment

Robust normative standards for the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) ages 60–89: A tool for early detection of memory impairment

Learning styles, academic performance and mental health among medical students in King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

Visual memory and alcohol use in a middle-aged birth cohort

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