Analysis of genetic alterations identifies the frequent mutation of GNAS in colorectal laterally spreading tumors

Abstract

of genetic alterations identifies the frequent mutation of GNAS in colorectal laterally spreading tumors Dear Editor, Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide [1]. Most CRCs develop from adenomas. Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are non-polypoid superficial colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) that are larger than 1 cm and typically extend laterally along the luminal wall. Based on surface morphology, it can be classified into a granular or nongranular type. The pathological morphology of LST manifests only as adenoma or with cancer. Recent studies have characterized 45-79% of LSTs as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) or submucosal invasion; and the risk of submucosal invasion increases with lesion size [2]. Hence, LST is considered a precancerous CRC lesion. Patients with LSTs are usually asymptomatic and diagnosis typically occurs during physical examinations or screening colonoscopy. However, flat tumors are difficult to detect by colonoscopy and a missed

Future therapeutic implications of new molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer

“…The difference in rates between the specimens was not statistically significant and the results were consistent with other reported APC mutation rates of 15.5%-42.4% in LST specimens. Two recent studies showed APC mutation frequencies of 80% (10 samples) and 57% (14 samples) in LST[ 15 ]. Therefore, APC mutation may act as an important initiator in LST development[ 16 ].…”