Analysis of genetic and virulence diversity of Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum associated with black foot disease of grapevine

Studies on the epidemiology of black-foot disease of grapevine in Spain

“…This hypothesis is in agreement with the results obtained by Alaniz et al (2009), who already detected relevant genetic diversity in "C." macrodidymum by using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique.…”

“…Four of this species were named as I. estremocensis, I. alcacerensis, I. novozelandica and I. torresensis, while two Ilyonectria species have not been named yet (Cabral et al, 2012b). According to our results and to the high levels of diversity detected by Alaniz et al (2009) To date, pruning wounds (Eskalen et al, 2007;Rolshausen et al, 2010) and wounds produced during the grapevine propagation process had been indicated as the main ways for grapevine infections caused by Petri disease pathogens. Phaeoacremonium spp.…”

“…Characteristic symptoms of black-foot disease include a reduction in root biomass and root hairs with sunken and necrotic root lesions Halleen et al, 2006a;Alaniz et al, , 2009. Moreover, roots show abnormal development characterized by shallow growth parallel to the soil surface and become necrotic.…”

“…1.1C, D). Field symptoms of black-foot disease affected vines are frequently indistinguishable from those of caused by Petri disease (Scheck et al, 1998b;Rego et al, 2000;Halleen et al, 2006a;Alaniz et al, , 2009Abreo et al, 2010). When young vines are infected, death occurs quickly, nevertheless as the vine ages, infection results in a more gradual decline and death might only occur after a year (Gubler et al, 2004).…”

Genetic diversity in Dactylonectria pauciseptata associated with black foot disease in New Zealand

“…both in nurseries and vineyards throughout the world. Over the last decade, the incidence of this disease has increased significantly in major viticulture regions, including South Africa, New Zealand, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Australia, North America and Brazil (Halleen et al 2004;Petit & Gubler 2005;Alaniz et al 2009;Cabral et al 2012;Úrbez-Torres et al 2014;dos Santos et al 2014). Infected vines typically show a range of decline symptoms, including delayed or absent budding, sparse foliage and small leaves with interveinal chlorosis, slower growth, shortened internodes and necrosis.…”