Analysis of genetic heterogeneity among five gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp, <i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i> Bloch, based on detection of RAPD molecular markers

Abstract

The gynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, is a unique model system for studying evolutionary genetics and selective breeding, owing to its specific genetic background and reproductive modes. Five gynogenetic clones were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, using 30 10-nucleotide-long primers. Twenty-six primers produced well-amplified DNA fragments with reproducible banding patterns, and 24 primers were polymorphic. Nearly identical banding patterns were observed among individuals within each clone, suggesting that each clone might possess a specific pattern owing to its gynogenesis. In contrast, the RAPD patterns of the five clones differed from each other. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using UPGMA cluster analysis based on a total of 3,744 distinguishable fragments (156 per individual). Average genetic distances within and among the five clones clearly indicated their intraclonal homogeneity, interclonal heterogeneity, and phylogenetic relationships. Clones A and P were the most closely related, whereas the most divergence was seen between clone D and clone E or F. A total of 88 polymorphic fragments were scored from 24 primers after excluding bands that were monomorphic for the five clones. Most primers corresponding to the polymorphic fragments amplified reproducible markers specific for one clone or that were shared by two, three, or four clones. Several primers (e.g., Opj-1, Opj-7, and Opp-10) produced abundant banding patterns that could be used to discriminate between the five clones. Markers specific for one or two clones were also identified. The RAPD markers identified in this study will likely benefit evolutionary genetics and selective breeding studies.

Evolutionary history of two divergent Dmrt1 genes reveals two rounds of polyploidy origins in gibel carp

“…It has been observed widely in many countries of the Eurasian continent (Gui and Zhou, 2010), such as in Britain (Hanfling et al, 2005), Italy (Hanfling et al, 2005), Hungary (Toth et al, 2005), Germany (Hanfling et al, 2005), Croatia (Jakovlic and Gui, 2011), Greece (Liasko et al, 2010), Kazakhstan (Sakai et al, 2009), Russia (Abramenko et al, 2004;Jiang et al, 2013), China (Gao et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2013;Li and Gui, 2008), and Japan (Takada et al, 2010). Similar to other unisexual polyploid vertebrates, the polyploid gibel carp can reproduce by spermdependent gynogenesis, and many diverse gynogenetic clones have been discriminated by biological traits and molecular markers (Bai et al, 2011;Gui and Zhou, 2010;Guo and Gui, 2008;Yang and Gui, 2004;Zhou et al, 2000a). In contrast to other unisexual all-female vertebrate animals, males have been discovered from the natural triploid populations in northeast Asia (Jiang et al, 2013), Russia (Abramenko et al, 2004), Greece (Liasko et al, 2010) and Croatia (Jakovlic and Gui, 2011), and multiple reproduction modes, including sexual reproduction, gynogenesis, or even androgenesis, have been demonstrated by experimental propagation and molecular marker analysis to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp (Gui and Zhou, 2010;Wang et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2000b).…”

High male incidence and evolutionary implications of triploid form in northeast Asia Carassius auratus complex

“…In the past decade, a lot of genetic knowledge including molecular basis of reproduction trait and numerous polymorphic DNA markers has been investigated and characterized from the triploid form (Gui and Zhou, 2010;Gui and Zhu, 2012). Similar to other polyploid salamanders, frogs and fish (Lampert and Schartl, 2010;Schlupp, 2005;Stöck et al, 2012), the triploid form can also reproduce by sperm-dependent gynogenesis, and many diverse gynogenetic clones have been discriminated by different genetic markers, such as transferrin Yang et al, 2001, RAPD and SCAR markers (Zhou et al, 2001(Zhou et al, , 2000b, microsatellite (Guo and Gui, 2008) and mtDNA sequence (Apalikova et al, 2008;Brykov et al, 2005;Li and Gui, 2008). Interestingly, a minor but significant portion (approx 1-10%) of triploid males were found in the triploid form, and normal sperm production and their sexual reproduction ability have been demonstrated by experimental propagation and genetic analysis in the triploid form (Gui and Zhou, 2010;Peng et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2000a).…”

Microsatellite marker isolation and cultured strain identification in Carassius auratus gibelio

“…These clones display different properties in phenotypes, allozyme patterns, histocompatibility, karyotypes, and growing rate (Zhu andJiang 1987, 1993;Zhu 1990;Zhu et al 1995Zhu et al , 2006. RAPD (random amplification polymorphism of DNA) markers and polymorphic enzyme loci have also been employed to explore the genetic heterogeneity and evolutionary relationship between these clones (Zhou et al 1998(Zhou et al , 2000aYang et al 2001). In comparison with dominant markers (such as RAPDs), co-dominant genetic markers are very useful because of the information content of a single locus.…”