Analysis of geological materials for gold, platinum and palladium at low ppb levels by fire assay-ICP mass spectrometry

Hall, G.E.M.; Pelchat, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)90145-7

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The PGE concentrations measured in bulk sediments are lower by at least an order of magnitude. Nugget effects, which cause small-scale inhomogeneities in PGE distribution and account for a variability of concentrations in geological samples (44)(45)(46), can be fully discarded here. The use of samples Ͼ10 g precludes any nugget effect and has been demonstrated to lead to good sample reproducibility (40), confirmed by repeated analyses in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of geochemical evidence for an impact event at the Bølling–Allerød/Younger Dryas transition

Paquay

Goderis

Ravizza

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Os isotopes ͉ platinum group elements ͉ Clovis ͉ Pleistocene extinction ͉ meteorite P roxy records of millennial-scale climate variations during the most recent deglaciation from polar ice cores (1-3) as well as deep-sea and lacustrine sediments (4-10) display abrupt changes that are typically attributed to internal forcing of Earth's climate system. A striking example is the Younger Dryas (YD) cooling episode from 12.896 Ϯ 0.138 thousand years (ka) to 11.703 Ϯ 0.099 ka calendar years before AD 2000 (11) after the interstadial warming event Bølling-Allerød (BA) (14.692 Ϯ 0.186-14.075 Ϯ 0.169 ka). High-resolution stable ␦ 18 O and ␦D in H 2 O and the glaciochemical record from Greenland ice cores show that both the onset and the termination of the YD occurred abruptly, the former lasting slightly more than two centuries, whereas the latter transitioned into a new state in a few years (12). The most widely accepted interpretations of Earth's recent climate history place the origin and termination of the YD within Earth's complex network of feedback mechanisms (13-15). Proxies and model results favor a significant freshwater input into the North Atlantic reducing the formation of deep waters and weakening or shutting down of the meridional overturning circulation (16) as the primary cause of the YD cooling regardless of its source, timing, duration, volume, and path of melt water (17-21).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of geochemical evidence for an impact event at the Bølling–Allerød/Younger Dryas transition

Paquay

Goderis

Ravizza

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The method combines good analytical precision and low detection limit; it can thus reliably measure even a minor proportion of meteoritic contamination in impact-melt rock (down tõ 0.1 wt%). The accuracy and reproducibility of the PGE (Hall and Pelchat 1994). This nugget effect can account for a significant variation of PGE concentrations between several aliquots of the same sample.…”

Section: Impactite Samples From Lb-07a and Lb-08a And Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum group elements provide no indication of a meteoritic component in ICDP cores from the Bosumtwi crater, Ghana

Goderis

Tagle

Schmitt

et al. 2007

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract-In an attempt to identify the type of projectile, 14 samples from the Bosumtwi crater in Ghana were analyzed for platinum group element (PGE) concentrations by nickel sulfide fire assay inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The majority of the samples come from the impactite material recovered by cores LB-07A and LB-08A, which were drilled by the International Continental Scientific Drilling program (ICDP). One sample originates from the fallback material found at the contact between the impactite and the overlying lake sediment in core LB-05B. No clear signature of a meteoritic contamination was identified in the 13 impactite samples. The target rock apparently dominates the PGE contribution in the impactites. These results agree with the PGE concentrations reported for the suevites collected at the crater rim and in other parts of the Bosumtwi ICDP cores. However, based on Cr and Os isotopic signatures, a meteoritic component could be present in the sample of fallback material, supporting the reports of the existence of meteoritic material in the Ivory Coast tektites. Further analyses of the fallback material from the Bosumtwi drill cores should confirm (or not) this first result.

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“…Two main approaches have been used for decomposing samples and pre-concentrating the PGEs. One is nickel sulfide fire assay (Date et al, 1987;Sun et al, 1993;Hall and Pelchat, 1994;Frimpong et al, 1995;Juvonen et al, 1994;Mcdonald et al, 1994;Li and Tong, 1995;Li et al, 1996;Plessen, 1998;Oguri et al, 1999;Sun et al, 2001;Zhou et al, 2001), and the other is aqua regia leach followed by sodium peroxide fusion and Te co-precipitation (Sen Gupta and Gregoire, 1989;Gowing and Potts, 1991;Totland et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir in geological samples by ID-ICP-MS using sodium peroxide fusion and Te co-precipitation

Grégoire

Zhou

et al. 2003

Geochem. J.

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A method is proposed for the determination of Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir in geological samples by isotope dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mono-isotopic elements Rh and Au are determined by external calibration using Lu as the internal standard. Sodium peroxide fusion in corundum crucibles (instead of glassy carbon or zirconium crucibles) is used to decompose the samples. After dissolution of the fused cake in water, the solution is spiked with enriched stable isotopes of Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir, and then acidified with HCl. This solution is then evaporated to dryness promoting the formation of anhydrous silicate from colloidal material. PGEs and Au are then pre-concentrated by Te co-precipitation.The reagents HCl and SnCl 2 are purified by Te co-precipitation. PGE blank levels are thus only derived from the Na 2 O 2 which has PGE concentrations of <0.02 ng/g. Lutetium is added as the internal standard to correct for instrument drift and matrix suppression effects for the determination of the monoisotopic elements. Method detection limits range from 0.02 to 0.3 ng/g. The results obtained for the CCRMP (CANMET, Ottawa, Canada) certified reference materials WGB-1 (gabbro), TDB-1 (diabase), UMT-1 (ultramafic ore tailings), WPR-1 (altered peridotite), WMG-1 (mineralized gabbro), and WMS-1 (massive sulphide) are in good agreement with certified values.

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Analysis of geological materials for gold, platinum and palladium at low ppb levels by fire assay-ICP mass spectrometry

Cited by 63 publications

References 12 publications

Absence of geochemical evidence for an impact event at the Bølling–Allerød/Younger Dryas transition

Absence of geochemical evidence for an impact event at the Bølling–Allerød/Younger Dryas transition

Platinum group elements provide no indication of a meteoritic component in ICDP cores from the Bosumtwi crater, Ghana

Determination of Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir in geological samples by ID-ICP-MS using sodium peroxide fusion and Te co-precipitation

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