Analysis of Geomorphic and Hydrologic Characteristics of Mount Jefferson Debris Flow, Oregon, November 6, 2006

Sobieszczyk, Steven; Uhrich, Mark A.; Piatt, David R.; Bragg, Heather M.

doi:10.3133/sir20085204

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3, 4, and 7). • November 2006(WY 2007 had the warmest water temperature for this station of any November since WY 1999 ( fig. 4), when the water-quality monitoring network began operation.…”

Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Water-quality in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon— Comparison of water-quality data for water year 2007 with the preceding period of record

Piatt¹,

Johnston²,

Bragg³

et al. 2011

Open-File Report

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water-quality data have been collected in the North Santiam River basin since 1998. During water year 2007, eight monitoring stations were operated throughout the basin. Streamflow data were collected at all but one of these sites. This report presents a comparison of the water-quality and streamflow data collected at each monitoring station from monitor installation through water year 2006 with the data for water year 2007. Data were compiled monthly and annually to identify extreme values by season and for entire periods of study.

show abstract

Section: Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In WY 2007, 6.0 percent of values were greater than 10 FNU and 2.0 percent of values were greater than 50 FNU. • New monthly maximum turbidity values were established in November, December, January, February, July, and September of WY 2007. • November 2006(WY 2007 turbidity was considerably higher than the aggregated WY 2000-06…”

Section: Specific Conductancementioning

confidence: 96%

Water-quality in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon— Comparison of water-quality data for water year 2007 with the preceding period of record

Piatt¹,

Johnston²,

Bragg³

et al. 2011

Open-File Report

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An AR event in November 2006 (WY2007) delivered exceptional amounts of rainfall across the Pacific Northwest, locally exceeding the 100‐year daily precipitation event in the southern Washington Cascades (Neiman et al., 2008). It triggered widespread flooding and numerous debris flows (Burns et al., 2015; Lancaster et al., 2012; Neiman et al., 2008; Sobieszczyk et al., 2008). At Mount St. Helens, this storm (category 4–5 AR; see Rutz, 2020), which lasted 7 days, delivered between 0.5 and 1 m of rainfall to volcanic slopes absent snowpack (Table 1)—the mountain had only a dusting of snow near its 2,500‐m‐elevation rim.…”

Section: Background Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Hydrological Events in an Evolving Mid‐latitude Mountain River System Following Cataclysmic Disturbance—A Saga of Multiple Influences

Major

Spicer

Mosbrucker

2021

Water Resources Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) in 1980 reset 30 km of upper North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) valley to a zero‐state fluvial condition. Consequently, a new channel system evolved. Initially, a range of streamflows eroded channels (tens of meters incision, hundreds of meters widening) and transported immense sediment loads. Now, single, large‐magnitude, or multiple moderate‐magnitude events are needed to accomplish substantial channel modification. Three large floods (two ≥100‐year events; one ∼10–25‐year event along lower Toutle River) from 1996 to 2015 indicate flood effectiveness in this environment is affected by both geomorphic and environmental factors. The largest and smallest of these floods (February 1996, November 2006) transported the most sediment by single floods since 1982; erosion and sediment transport by an ∼100‐year flood in December 2015 was not exceptional. Strong coupling between NFTR and its tall corridor banks, local geologic and hydraulic conditions promoting threshold erosion, event sequencing, and possibly a longitudinal gradient in stream power are important factors affecting event effectiveness on channel modification. In addition, environmental factors have also been influential, as variations in snowpack, storm trajectories and rainfall distributions, and episodic mobilization of debris flows have also influenced geomorphic response. Other factors such as vegetation anchoring, strong channel–hillside coupling, disparities between flood frequencies and perturbation relaxation times, and large variations in flood duration do not appear to be critical influences. Climate forecasts for warmer temperatures and a shift from snowfall to rainfall at high elevations may promote further acute geomorphic responses.

show abstract

“…Twelve debris fl ows had initiation sources at the heads of 17 gullies distributed over seven distinct initiation zones near the termini of glaciers in six drainages in , 2003, 2005, and 2006(P. Kennard, 2008Vallance et al, 2002), and fi eld work to map the debris-fl ow initiation sites was conducted during the summer of 2008 (Table 3) 1 and 2). Gullies are fed and presumably maintained by glacier meltwater or snowmelt and appear to predate the fi rst recorded debrisfl ow initiation.…”

Section: Debris-flow Initiation Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expansion of human settlements and other infrastructure into mountainous areas may increase communities' exposure to potentially destructive debris fl ows. In the Cascade Range of the Pacifi c Northwest, proglacial areas on composite volcanoes are typically steep and mantled with ample unconsolidated material and are therefore prone to debris fl ows (Blodgett et al, 1996;O'Connor et al, 2001;Osterkamp et al, 1986;Sobieszczyk et al, 2009;Walder and Driedger, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periglacial debris-flow initiation and susceptibility and glacier recession from imagery, airborne LiDAR, and ground-based mapping

Lancaster¹,

Nolin²,

Copeland³

et al. 2012

Geosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate changes in the Pacifi c Northwest, USA, may cause both retreat of alpine glaciers and increases in the frequency and magnitude of storms delivering rainfall at high elevations absent signifi cant snowpack, and both of these changes may affect the frequency and severity of destructive debris fl ows initiating on the region's composite volcanoes. A better understanding of debrisfl ow susceptibility on these volcanoes' slopes is therefore warranted. Field mapping and remote sensing data, including airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), were used to locate and characterize initiation sites of six debris fl ows that occurred during an "atmospheric river" event (warm wet storm) on Mount Rainier, Washington, in November 2006, and data from prior studies identifi ed six more debris fl ows that occurred in 2001-2005. These 12 debris fl ows had initiation sources at the heads of 17 gullies distributed over seven distinct initiation zones near the termini of glaciers, and all debris-fl ow initiation sites were located within areas exposed by glacier retreat in the past century. Gully locations were identifi ed by their steep walls and heads on a 1-m digital elevation model (DEM) from LiDAR data collected in 2007-2008. Gullies in which debris fl ows initiated were differentiated from numerous non-initiating gullies primarily by the greater upslope contributing areas of the former. Initiation mechanisms were inferred from pre-and post-2006 gully width measurements from aerial photos and the LiDAR DEM, respectively, fi eld observations of gully banks, and elevation changes calculated from repeated LiDAR, and these data indicate that debris fl ows were initiated by distributed sources, including bank mass failures, related to ero-sion by overland fl ow of water. Using gullyhead initiation sites for debris fl ows that occurred during 2001-2006, a data model was developed to explore the viability of the method for characterization of debris-fl ow initiation susceptibilities on Mount Rainier. The initiation sites were found to occupy a restricted part of the four-dimensional space defi ned by mean and standard deviation of simulated glacial meltwater fl ow, slope angle, and minimum distance to an area of recent (1994-2008) glacier retreat. The model identifi es the heads of most gullies, including all sites of known debris-fl ow initiation, as highsusceptibility areas, but does not appear to differentiate between areas of varying gullyhead density or between debris-fl ow and no-debris-fl ow gullies. The model and fi eld data, despite limitations, do provide insight into debris-fl ow processes, as well as feasible methods for mapping and assessment of debris-fl ow susceptibilities on periglacial areas of the Cascade Range.

show abstract

Analysis of Geomorphic and Hydrologic Characteristics of Mount Jefferson Debris Flow, Oregon, November 6, 2006

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Water-quality in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon— Comparison of water-quality data for water year 2007 with the preceding period of record

Water-quality in the North Santiam River Basin, Oregon— Comparison of water-quality data for water year 2007 with the preceding period of record

Effective Hydrological Events in an Evolving Mid‐latitude Mountain River System Following Cataclysmic Disturbance—A Saga of Multiple Influences

Periglacial debris-flow initiation and susceptibility and glacier recession from imagery, airborne LiDAR, and ground-based mapping

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About