Analysis of Glyphosate and Its Metabolite, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid, in Agricultural Products by HPLC.

Takahashi, Kunihiko; Horie, Masakazu; Aoba, Nobuji

doi:10.3358/shokueishi.42.304

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…One of them is Roundup (R), the most widely used herbicide worldwide, the residues of which are common in surface waters [1]. These residues also enter the food chain [2], even through genetically modified edible plants [3]. R is made up from a mixture of an isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G), quantitatively a minor compound, and various specific adjuvants depending on the formulation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defined plant extracts can protect human cells against combined xenobiotic effects

Gasnier

Laurant²,

Decroix-Laporte³

et al. 2011

J Occup Med Toxicol

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BackgroundPollutants representative of common environmental contaminants induce intracellular toxicity in human cells, which is generally amplified in combinations. We wanted to test the common pathways of intoxication and detoxification in human embryonic and liver cell lines. We used various pollutants such as Roundup residues, Bisphenol-A and Atrazine, and five precise medicinal plant extracts called Circ1, Dig1, Dig2, Sp1, and Uro1 in order to understand whether specific molecular actions took place or not.MethodsKidney and liver are major detoxification organs. We have studied embryonic kidney and hepatic human cell lines E293 and HepG2. The intoxication was induced on the one hand by a formulation of one of the most common herbicides worldwide, Roundup 450 GT+ (glyphosate and specific adjuvants), and on the other hand by a mixture of Bisphenol-A and Atrazine, all found in surface waters, feed and food. The prevention and curative effects of plant extracts were also measured on mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity, on the entry of radiolabelled glyphosate (in Roundup) in cells, and on cytochromes P450 1A2 and 3A4 as well as glutathione-S-transferase.ResultsClear toxicities of pollutants were observed on both cell lines at very low sub-agricultural dilutions. The prevention of such phenomena took place within 48 h with the plant extracts tested, with success rates ranging between 25-34% for the E293 intoxicated by Roundup, and surprisingly up to 71% for the HepG2. By contrast, after intoxication, no plant extract was capable of restoring E293 viability within 48 h, however, two medicinal plant combinations did restore the Bisphenol-A/Atrazine intoxicated HepG2 up to 24-28%. The analysis of underlying mechanisms revealed that plant extracts were not capable of preventing radiolabelled glyphosate from entering cells; however Dig2 did restore the CYP1A2 activity disrupted by Roundup, and had only a mild preventive effect on the CYP3A4, and no effect on the glutathione S-transferase.ConclusionsEnvironmental pollutants have intracellular effects that can be prevented, or cured in part, by precise medicinal plant extracts in two human cell lines. This appears to be mediated at least in part by the cytochromes P450 modulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defined plant extracts can protect human cells against combined xenobiotic effects

Gasnier

Laurant²,

Decroix-Laporte³

et al. 2011

J Occup Med Toxicol

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“…Moreover R residues are quite stable in rivers and soils [1]. G and its metabolite AMPA (aminomethyl phosphonic acid) are among the primary pollutants of surface waters (IFEN, 2006); they also enter the food chain [6]. These chemicals are found in the urine of agricultural workers [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dig1 protects against cell death provoked by glyphosate-based herbicides in human liver cell lines

Gasnier

Bénachour

Clair

et al. 2010

J Occup Med Toxicol

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BackgroundWorldwide used pesticides containing different adjuvants like Roundup formulations, which are glyphosate-based herbicides, can provoke some in vivo toxicity and in human cells. These pesticides are commonly found in the environment, surface waters and as food residues of Roundup tolerant genetically modified plants. In order to know their effects on cells from liver, a major detoxification organ, we have studied their mechanism of action and possible protection by precise medicinal plant extracts called Dig1.MethodsThe cytotoxicity pathways of four formulations of glyphosate-based herbicides were studied using human hepatic cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B, known models to study xenobiotic effects. We monitored mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and caspases 3/7 for cell mortality and protection by Dig1, as well as cytochromes P450 1A1, 1A2, 3A4 and 2C9 and glutathione-S-transferase to approach the mechanism of actions.ResultsAll the four Roundup formulations provoke liver cell death, with adjuvants having stronger effects than glyphosate alone. Hep3B are 3-5 times more sensitive over 48 h. Caspases 3/7 are greatly activated in HepG2 by Roundup at non-cytotoxic levels, and some apoptosis induction by Roundup is possible together with necrosis. CYP3A4 is specifically enhanced by Roundup at doses 400 times less than used in agriculture (2%). CYP1A2 is increased to a lesser extent together with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) down-regulation. Dig 1, non cytotoxic and not inducing caspases by itself, is able to prevent Roundup-induced cell death in a time-dependant manner with an important efficiency of up to 89%, within 48 h. In addition, we evidenced that it prevents Caspases 3/7 activation and CYP3A4 enhancement, and not GST reduction, but in turn it slightly inhibited CYP2C9 when added before Roundup.ConclusionRoundup is able to provoke intracellular disruption in hepatic cell lines at different levels, but a mixture of medicinal plant extracts Dig1 can protect to some extent human cell lines against this pollutants. All this system constitutes a tool for studying liver intoxication and detoxification.

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“…Mammals and humans may be exposed to Roundup herbicide residues by agricultural practices (Acquavella et al 2004) or when the residues enter the food chain (Takahashi et al 2001); glyphosate is also found as a contaminant in rivers (Cox 1998).…”

Section: Abstract Roundupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time- and Dose-Dependent Effects of Roundup on Human Embryonic and Placental Cells

Bénachour

Sipahutar

Moslemi

et al. 2007

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

205

118

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Analysis of Glyphosate and Its Metabolite, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid, in Agricultural Products by HPLC.

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Defined plant extracts can protect human cells against combined xenobiotic effects

Defined plant extracts can protect human cells against combined xenobiotic effects

Dig1 protects against cell death provoked by glyphosate-based herbicides in human liver cell lines

Time- and Dose-Dependent Effects of Roundup on Human Embryonic and Placental Cells

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