Analysis of GPS signals backscattered from a target on the sea surface

Ullo, Silvia Liberata; Giangregorio, G.; Bisceglie, M. Di; Galdi, C.; Clarizia, Maria Paola; Addabbo, Pia

doi:10.1109/igarss.2017.8127387

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Conversely, for ship detection applications (ship scenario), the signal emerging from the target is mostly RHCP and is reflected in a direction far away the specular reflection direction. Such physical-driven considerations are confirmed by the link budget analyzes conducted in [19], [20], and [24], where the feasibility of the ship detection problem was conducted on a theoretical basis by evaluating the SNR and the signal-to-noise-plusclutter ratio (SNCR) in different operating conditions. In those works, it was demonstrated that even large ships are scarcely detectable with standard spaceborne GNSS-R, as SNCR and SNR values well below zero were obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, the benefits of nonstandard backward-RHCP GNSS-R-GNSS-R receivers specifically designed for ship detection applications acquiring the RHCP component of the backscattered signal-were envisaged. The theoretical link budget analyzes in [19], [20], and [24] provide useful insights for a preliminary understanding of ship detectability using GNSS-R. Based on accurate scattering models, they enable a fast and reliable assessment of the expected ship detection performance under different operating conditions and scenarios providing meaningful guidelines for the design of GNSS-R systems properly designed for maritime surveillance applications. However, such theoretical analyzes do not enable a full understanding of the detection problem, as a number of effects cannot be easily accounted for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such theoretical analyzes do not enable a full understanding of the detection problem, as a number of effects cannot be easily accounted for. Just for example, the link budget in [19], [20], and [24] does not take into account for the effects of the Woodward ambiguity function (WAF) and speckle noise. Accordingly, to better understand the role of such additional effects on ship detectability and address a more accurate analysis of the expected detection performance, it is of key relevance to rely on more accurate tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Simulation-Based Feasibility Analysis of Ship Detection Using GNSS-R Delay-Doppler Maps

Beltramonte

Braca

Bisceglie

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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In this article, we carry out a simulation analysis of ship detection via Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) delay-Doppler map (DDM). The GNSS-R DDM simulator used here is a modified version of an algorithm conceived for the generation of GNSS-R DDMs of the sea surface. The new algorithm is based on an analytical model for the radar cross section of ships and is able to properly account for the presence of ship targets within the scene. The proposed GNSS-R DDM simulator is, then, exploited for assessing the viability of GNSS-R in ship detection applications at low incidence angles, where the adopted scattering models provide accurate results. The aim of the implemented simulation setup is to analyze what are the preferable conditions for ship detection using standard GNSS-R signal processing chain receiver and compare typical forward left-hand circularly polarized GNSS-R systems with nonstandard backward right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) GNSS-R. The simulation study is two fold: first, detection performance is evaluated at spaceborne and airborne altitudes for both polarization channels under favorable detection conditions. Then, visibility of ship targets is assessed in terms of their location within the DDM. Simulation results show that ship detection is problematic when using satellite data, whereas interesting results are achieved at airborne altitudes, provided that the aircraft is approximately between the GNSS satellite and the target, and that appropriate RHCP polarization is probed. In such configurations, signal-to-noise-ratios larger than 10 dB are obtained with airborne receivers collecting the RHCP signal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simulation-Based Feasibility Analysis of Ship Detection Using GNSS-R Delay-Doppler Maps

Beltramonte

Braca

Bisceglie

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the literature, various GNSS‐based PBR systems have been proposed employing either space‐borne or earth‐based receivers. In [14, 15], the authors investigated the applications of GNSS space‐borne PBR in ocean reflectometry scenarios. An earth‐based GNSS PBR was proposed in [10] for synthetic aperture radar applications using a synchronisation algorithm to generate the reference, satellite, signal at the receiver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GNSS‐based passive UAV monitoring: a feasibility study

Ilioudis

Clemente

Soraghan

2020

IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation

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“…For instance, the authors of [26][27][28] demonstrated the applicability of GNSS-SAR for surface change detection based on carrier phase of reflected GNSS signals or correlation coefficient of two GNSS-SAR images obtained at the same time slot of different days. The work [29] implemented GPS signals for ocean surveillance, in which, the respective backscattering property of reflected signals is investigated. The authors of [30] investigated the applicability of aircraft detection using passive GNSS-based radar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Passive GNSS-Based Radar Imaging Based on Coherent Integrated Multi-Satellite Signals

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Weak reflected signal is one of the main problems in a recent developing remote sensing tool—passive GNSS-based radar (GNSS radar). To address this issue, an enhanced GNSS radar imaging scheme on the basis of coherently integrating multiple satellites is proposed. In the proposed scheme, to avoid direct signal interference at surveillance antenna, the satellites that used as transmission of opportunity are in backscattering geometry model. To coherently accumulate echo signal magnitudes of the scene center in the targeted sensing region illuminated by the selected satellites, after performing the paralleled range compressions, a coordinates alignment operator is performed to the respective range domains, in which, pseudorandom noise (PRN) code phases are aligned. Thereafter, the coordinates aligned range compressed signals of the selected satellites are coherently integrated along azimuth domain so that imaging gain is improved and azimuth processing can be accomplished in only one state operation. The theoretical analysis and field proof-of-concept experimental results indicate that compared to both conventional bistatic imaging scheme and the state-of-the-art multi-image fusion scheme, the proposed scheme can provide a higher imaging gain; compared to the state-of-the-art multi-image fusion scheme, the proposed scheme has a less computational complexity and faster algorithm speed.

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Analysis of GPS signals backscattered from a target on the sea surface

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Simulation-Based Feasibility Analysis of Ship Detection Using GNSS-R Delay-Doppler Maps

Simulation-Based Feasibility Analysis of Ship Detection Using GNSS-R Delay-Doppler Maps

GNSS‐based passive UAV monitoring: a feasibility study

Enhanced Passive GNSS-Based Radar Imaging Based on Coherent Integrated Multi-Satellite Signals

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