he nursing shortage has created serious concerns in many countries (Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development [OECD], 2017). A rapidly aging population with complex chronic diseases and new global infectious diseases has exacerbated the demands placed on the nursing workforce in health care systems (Ding et al., 2016;Jan et al., 2018). Well-trained nurses are critical to delivering safe care and maintaining quality outcomes in hospitals. However, the current number of active nurses falls significantly short of demand, and clinically competent nurses are needed now more than ever (OECD, 2017). To address this issue, shorter but upgraded nursing programs have received interest, and accelerated programs for students with bachelor's degrees in other disciplines have gained momentum.In the 1970s, an accelerated baccalaureate nursing (ABSN) program was first introduced in the United States. This fasttracked program allowed students to complete a nursing curricula in approximately half of the time required for traditional baccalaureate nursing (TBSN) programs (American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN], 2019). Students who enroll in the ABSN programs tend to be motivated to complete the nursing curriculum with good academic standing and to pass the National Council Licensing Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN ® ) (Kaddoura et al, 2017;Moe et al., 2009). Nurse managers' evaluations of ABSN graduates (Rafferty & Lindell, 2011) indicated they did not differ from TBSN graduates in clinical competency, and managers valued ABSN graduates' professional socialization and the quality of care they delivered based on their experience in other disciplines.More than 280 ABSN programs currently are offered in the United States after a dramatic proliferation during the past three decades. Three years after the ABSN programs began, an accelerated master of science in nursing (AMSN) program was launched in the United States. The AMSN programs differ from ABSN programs in terms of awarding the master's degree upon completion of the curriculum and having a longer curriculum of 3 years. Students in AMSN programs spend the first year in a prelicensure curriculum taking BSN courses and the last 2 years taking courses at the master's level (AACN, 2019). However, many different models of AMSN programs exist under vary-
ABSTRACTBackground: This scoping review examined the outcomes of accelerated second-degree baccalaureate and master of nursing programs using the Kirkpatrick four-level model. Method: A systematic search of four major scientific databases identified 15 articles meeting study inclusion criteria. The articles were assessed for educational outcomes, and extracted data were organized according to the fourlevel Kirkpatrick model consisting of reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Results: Both second-degree baccalaureate and master of nursing program students showed strong academic achievement, high employment rates, and high program satisfaction but reported lack of perceived preparedness for a clinic...