This work demonstrates how chemical vapour deposited monolayer graphene enhances the SERS activity in a conventional plasmonic substrate. The single-layer graphene is evidenced by various spectroscopic analyses. A thin coating of silver on graphene/SiO2/Si substrate serves as the graphene-mediated SERS (GSERS) platform, which offers a detection limit (LOD) of 10−14 M and an enhancement factor of 9.48 × 108 for the R6G molecule. The performance of the GSERS substrate is superior to that of the substrate without graphene, which has a LOD of 10−10 M only. The detection of low concentrations of Sudan-I is also demonstrated with the GSERS substrate. A highly sensitive simple two-stage SERS substrate made of high-quality graphene film is the crowning achievement of this study.