Analysis of graphitized cast irons by optical emission spectroscopy: matrix effects in the glow discharge and the spark excitation

Weiss, Zdeněk

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(96)01461-9

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Surface enrichment and depletion of particular elements can occur in each layer of a depth-profile measurement; for thin layers, there will not be sufficient time for equilibration to occur. In a multi-layered sample, this lack of equilibration apparent in our model and previous studies 8 would propagate into successive layers. Further, constituents of a given layer would not always have the same time-dependent signal behavior.…”

Section: Program To Model Gd Sputtering Of Heterogeneous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The emission behavior of alloys has been shown to equilibrate similarly in other studies. 8,40 Just as an equilibrium in surface concentration is established for materials with microscopic heterogeneity (cf. Figure 2), equilibration of the sputtering rate can develop also for larger heterogeneities when the bulk and the inclusion have different initial sputtering rates.…”

Section: Macroscopic Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preferential sputtering (more rapid removal of some elements than others in the same sample) within macroscopically homogeneous samples has been described previously. 7,8 The principles behind these earlier studies have enabled quantitative mass spectral and emission measurements of bulk materials that have components with different sputtering rates. When GD spectrometry is used for bulk analysis, a pre-burn period is employed, which establishes an equilibrium of surface concentrations before the analytical measurement is begun.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When GD spectrometry is used for bulk analysis, a pre-burn period is employed, which establishes an equilibrium of surface concentrations before the analytical measurement is begun. 8 Flat-bottomed craters are generally presumed to indicate even sputtering across the surface of a sample. 9,10 However, finer observation commonly reveals a roughened surface on the crater bottom that can arise from microscopic heterogeneity within a sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their work addressed both microscopic heterogeneity in alloyed materials and how these differences were likely to translate to macroscopic variations. 7 Later, Weiss 8 described the sputtering-based enrichment of carbon on the surface of graphitic steel and explained some of the associated quantitative calibration techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and consequences of lateral sample heterogeneity in glow discharge spectrometry

Storey

Ray

Hoffmann

et al. 2016

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Conventional glow discharge emission or mass spectrometry requires the assumption that the surface of the sample is homogeneous. However, recent developments in glow discharge imaging appear to offer an opportunity to obtain three-dimensional concentration maps, in which this assumption is no longer necessary. Here, experiments, models, and a summary of earlier work are combined to examine the sputtering behavior of elemental and morphological heterogeneities in a sample. The theoretical model reveals gaps in current knowledge of glow discharge sputtering of heterogeneous samples, particularly indicating that heterogeneity in the sample leads to roughened crater bottoms and how additional morphology can evolve. Additionally, a three-dimensional profiling microscope is used to characterize the effects of surface inclusions on the sputtering process in a DC glow discharge in a reduced-pressure argon environment. Findings have important implications for bulk analysis, depthprofiling, and elemental surface mapping with glow discharge spectrometry.

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Section: Program To Model Gd Sputtering Of Heterogeneous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Macroscopic Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%