Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Estonian Oil Shale Based Energy Production Processes. Life Cycle Energy Analysis Perspective

Siirde, Andres; Eldermann, Meelis; Rohumaa, Priit; Gusca, Julija

doi:10.3176/oil.2013.2s.07

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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Section: Solving the Problem Of Oil Shale Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several problems accompany oil shale application as a fuel at power plants, including an enormous amount of alkaline ashes, a leftover at power plants from oil shale burning, deposited nearby [100]. More than 7 Mt of ashes are produced yearly by thermal power plants in Estonia [101,102]. Oil shale comprises organic, carbonate, and terrigenous material at various proportions, but high calcium content (CaO content as high as 55%) guides for valuable utilization of this waste [101].…”

Section: Solving the Problem Of Oil Shale Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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Implementation of construction works on weak (e.g., compressible, collapsible, expansive) soils such as peatlands often is limited by logistics of equipment and shortage of available and applicable materials. If preloading or floating roads on geogrid reinforcement or piled embankments cannot be implemented, then soil stabilization is needed. Sustainable soil stabilization in an environmentally friendly way is recommended instead of applying known conventional methods such as pure cementing or excavation and a single replacement of soils. Substitution of conventional material (cement) and primary raw material (lime) with secondary raw material (waste and byproducts from industries) corresponds to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, preserves resources, saves energy, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Besides traditional material usage, soil stabilization is achievable through various secondary raw materials (listed according to their groups and subgroups): 1. thermally treated waste products: 1.1. ashes from agriculture production; 1.2. ashes from energy production; 1.3. ashes from various manufacturing; 1.4. ashes from waste processing; 1.5. high carbon content pyrolysis products; 2. untreated waste and new products made from secondary raw materials: 2.1. waste from municipal waste biological treatment and landfills; 2.2. waste from industries; 3. new products made from secondary raw materials: 3.1. composite materials. Efficient solutions in environmental engineering may eliminate excessive amounts of waste and support innovation in the circular economy for sustainable future.

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Section: Solving the Problem Of Oil Shale Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solving the Problem Of Oil Shale Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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“…Retorting of shale oil and gas is performed either by using gas as the heat carrier or by the solid heat carrier (SHC) process, which is the most commonly employed pertinent technology [5,6]. Currently, there are two major SHC technology modifications used for shale oil production in Estonia -Petroter technology used at Viru Keemia Grupp (VKG) and Enefit employed at Eesti Energia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymeric Potential of the Estonian Oil Shale Solid Residues: Petroter Solid Heat Carrier Retorting Ash

Paaver¹,

Paiste²,

Kirsimäe³

2016

Oil Shale

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In this paper, the geopolymerization of the solid heat carrier (SHC) ash waste produced at Petroter shale oil plants, Viru Keemia Grupp (VKG), Estonia was studied. Different mixtures were prepared to study and evaluate the potential use of this SHC ash for geopolymer-type mortar and cement production and to compare alkali-activated black ash with the material having self-cemented upon hydration with plain water. Mixtures prepared with plain water and NaOH solution show comparable compressive strength development, but the mixture with NaOH affords significantly lower compressive strength values, which can be explained by the absence of an ettringite/monosulphate phase in the NaOH-activated samples. Hydrocalumite precipitated instead of ettringite in the NaOH-activated mixture does not provide the interlocking structure that is found in water mixtures, though the formation of an amorphous geopolymer phase is possibly observed in the NaOH-activated sample after 90 days of curing. Sodium silicate-and Na-silicate/NaOH-activated samples show a strong geopolymerization and development of Ca-Na-Al-silicate gel formed in the pore space of the ash aggregate. However, due to strong shrinkage upon drying, the compressive strength obtained after 7 days of curing is lost in the prolonged curing process, and further research into the causes and prevention of Ca-Na-Al-silicate gel shrinkage is needed.

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“…As a result, the residual gas molecules stored in closed pores that cannot escape under natural desorption conditions are released during the crushing process, accompanied by the diffusion of GHG components. Nevertheless, most current studies focused on GHG emissions during oil shale retorting, − while few monitoring and in-depth studies were conducted on CH 4 and CO 2 emissions during crushing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Oil Shale Crushing and Its Main Controlling Factors: A Contrast Study of Oil Shale in Yaojie and Fushun Areas, China

Wang,

Lu,

Chen

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Geological bodies are important sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Organic-rich oil shale in sedimentary basins is a good gas source rock, the GHG in which will be released into the atmosphere during crushing to affect climate change. Quantitative calculations of GHG emissions during oil shale crushing were carried out on oil shales from the Yaojie (YJ) and Fushun (FS) mining areas in China. Organic geochemistry, X-ray diffraction, and pore structure analysis experiments, as well as the relationship between storage time and GHG emissions, were analyzed to investigate the main controlling factors of GHG release in different types of oil shales. The results showed that the CH 4 and CO 2 released from the YJ oil shale were 0.002−0.145 mL/g and 0.011−0.054 mL/g, respectively; the CH 4 and CO 2 released from the FS oil shale were 0.0001−0.0008 mL/g and 0.002−0.045 mL/g, respectively. Residual CH 4 release was closely related to total organic carbon (TOC) and maturity: the CH 4 released from the organic-rich and mature YJ oil shale was much higher than that of the FS oil shale, which is relatively organic-lean and immature. The control factors of the released CO 2 vary in different regions: CO 2 released from the YJ oil shale was somewhat affected by the TOC, while that released from the FS oil shale was mainly controlled by carbonate minerals and their contributing pores. The results of pore structure and organic maceral analyses indicated that both organic and inorganic pores of the YJ oil shale are occupied by asphaltenes, forming a key gas preservation mechanism of residual CH 4 and CO 2 as solutes dissolved in asphaltenes. In addition, CO 2 has a greater absorptive capacity than CH 4 and is therefore more difficult to release during the same crushing time. As oil shale is stored for longer periods, residual CH 4 will be preferentially released to the atmosphere, while residual CO 2 will be released in large quantities during crushing.

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Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Estonian Oil Shale Based Energy Production Processes. Life Cycle Energy Analysis Perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Geopolymeric Potential of the Estonian Oil Shale Solid Residues: Petroter Solid Heat Carrier Retorting Ash

Greenhouse Gas Emissions during Oil Shale Crushing and Its Main Controlling Factors: A Contrast Study of Oil Shale in Yaojie and Fushun Areas, China

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