Analysis of Grounding Systems in the Vicinity of Hemispheroidal Heterogeneities

Hajiaboli, Amir; Fortin, Simon; Dawalibi, F.P.; Zhao, Peter; Ngoly, A.

doi:10.1109/tia.2015.2468685

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This software uses the electromagnetic field (EMF) method which is believed to be the most accurate approach for the study of grounding systems [9,11,16]. Also, the CDEGS software is extensively employed in the literature in order to analyse the lightning behaviours of grounding grids [17][18][19].…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning analysis of adjacent grounding systems using multi-conductor transmission line method

Jamali

Niasati

Jazaeri

2020

IET Science, Measurement &Amp; Technology

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The analysis of adjacent grounding systems under lightning currents which is responsible for many safety problems to human beings and damages to devices is very important. In this study, the behaviours of such grounding grids under lightning conditions which are not well documented in the literature are analysed using the multi-conductor transmission line method in a two-layer soil model. To achieve this goal, the expressions related to the study of a single grounding grid extracted from the recent study of the authors are developed to be appropriate to the analysis of adjacent grounding systems under lightning currents. Also, through the representation of the connectivity matrix, the analysis of the adjacent grounding grids with any size and degree of complexity is facilitated. Furthermore, the behaviours of the adjacent grounding grids under different lightning and soil characteristics are examined and some conclusions are derived.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning analysis of adjacent grounding systems using multi-conductor transmission line method

Jamali

Niasati

Jazaeri

2020

IET Science, Measurement &Amp; Technology

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“…Step and touch voltages should also be eliminated according to IEC 60749-1:2007 [17] (pp. [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. From the six usual types of electrodes (land-shallow horizontal, land vertical, land-deep well, sea, shore-beach, shore-pond) according to [17] (p. 19), the shoreline pond electrode was selected for which the determination of the electric field and the potential rise was calculated according to the guidelines of CIGRE B4.61 675:2017 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPRI proposes the use of numerical algorithms using resistivity data from geophysical methods [45], which are more widely used in grounding electrodes [61] but also in sea electrodes [58,62,63]. In [62], both near and far electric fields were analyzed, using the numerical methods of hemispheroidal, finite volume element and inclined layer, and finally proposes the use of the first two methods [64,65] that have finite limits on the volume of water for the calculation of the scalar potential and ground potential. In [63,66], the use of the finite element method for near-field analysis was suggested.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…According to the general guidelines of CIGRE 675-B4.61:2017 [17] (p. 65), the limit of the potential gradient for the protection of divers in marine electrodes amounts to 2.5 V/m for the continuous operating conditions (steady state), and 15 V/m for the transient operating conditions. Especially in IEC TS 62344:2013 [34] (p. 32), the value 1.25 V/m is taken for continuous operating conditions in order to ensure no effect on marine mammals, and in [17] (p. 93, section 5.4.3, 2nd paragraph), the same value is reported as the generally accepted value of potential difference, per unit length, from the electrode surface, directly accessible to humans and marine fauna.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Alternative Simplified Analytical Models for the Electric Field, in Shoreline Pond Electrode Preliminary Design, in the Case of HVDC Transmission Systems

et al. 2022

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In Greece, a new bi-polar high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system with a ground return was designed with nominal characteristics of ±500 kV, 1 GW, between Attica in the continental country and the island of Crete, which is an autonomous power system based on thermal diesel units. The interconnection line has a total length of about 380 km. The undersea section is 330 km long. In this paper, the use of the Aegean Sea as an active part of the ground return, based on shoreline pond electrodes, was proposed to avoid EUR 200 Μ of expenses. According to the general guidelines for HVDC electrode design by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) working group B4.61/2017, the electric field and ground potential rise of shoreline electrodes should be studied to analyze safety, electrical interference and corrosion impacts related to the operation of the electrodes. Two kinds of studies are available; one is a simplified approach based on a spherical/pointed electrode centered at the edge of the seashore and seabed, assuming it to be sloping to the horizontal, and the other is a detailed simulated model using a suitable electric field software package. The first approach usually gives more unfavorable results than the second one, especially in the near electric field, while it can not take into account obstacles, i.e., dams, near to electrode position. The second approach demands a detailed description of the wider installation area, which cannot be available during the preliminary study, significant computational time and considerable financial resources for the purchase of a reliable specialized software package. In this research, a two-step modification of the CIGRE simplified model was proposed. The first modification deals with the obstacles in the near electric field, and the second modification deals with the use of a linear current source (instead of a point one), which can give more accurate results. Additionally, the electric field for complex electrode formation is calculated by applying the superposition method, which can be easily achieved using a common software package, i.e., MATLAB. The proposed simplified approaches were applied on shoreline pond electrode locations for the Attica–Crete HVDC interconnection line (between Stachtoroi island in Attica and Korakia beach in Crete), allowing the preliminary study to be conducted swiftly, giving satisfactory results about electric field gradient, ground potential rise and resistance to remote earth of electrodes stations for the near and far electric field.

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“…These include soil types where the heterogeneity is of hemispherical [6], cylindrical [7], or hemi-spheroidal [8] shape. The analysis of grounding systems that includes finite heterogeneities of arbitrary shape can be carried out only using numerical methods, involving a discretization of the boundary of the heterogeneous volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Grounding Systems in Horizontal Multilayer Soils Containing Finite Heterogeneities

Fortin

Mitskevitch

Dawalibi

2015

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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This paper presents a theoretical model for the analysis of grounding systems located in multilayer soils in which arbitrary heterogeneities (finite volumes) are embedded. The presence of the heterogeneities is handled through a Boundary Element Method while that of the horizontal soil layers is handled analytically, using Image Theory (or any other equivalent technique). Numerical results are presented for several cases, and are shown to agree with limiting cases. The results also clearly show that the presence of finite heterogeneities in multilayer soils can have a very strong impact on the safety performance of a grounding system.Index Terms -grounding/earthing, layered soils, heterogeneous soil volumes, earth potential and ground potential rise.

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Analysis of Grounding Systems in the Vicinity of Hemispheroidal Heterogeneities

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Lightning analysis of adjacent grounding systems using multi-conductor transmission line method

Lightning analysis of adjacent grounding systems using multi-conductor transmission line method

Alternative Simplified Analytical Models for the Electric Field, in Shoreline Pond Electrode Preliminary Design, in the Case of HVDC Transmission Systems

Analysis of Grounding Systems in Horizontal Multilayer Soils Containing Finite Heterogeneities

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