Analysis of Group of Fish Response to Startle Reaction

Mwaffo, Violet; Vernerey, Franck J.

doi:10.1007/s00332-022-09855-0

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In the marine ecosystem, fish exhibit startle responses to a variety of stimulus, including the approach of predators or non-living objects and anthropogenic noise (McCormick and Larson, 2007;Benevides et al, 2018;Harding et al, 2020;Mwaffo and Vernerey, 2022). Previous studies conducted laboratory mesocosm experiments to investigate how various parameters of fish (e.g., growth, condition, physiology, and behaviors) were impacted in response to stress caused by chemical alarm cues (Lonnstedt and McCormick, 2015;Faria et al, 2019), sight of predator (Meager et al, 2006;Goldenberg et al, 2014), and/or mechanical disturbance (Ramasamy et al, 2017;Hess et al, 2019) such as knocking the wall of the tank and waving a fishing net inside the water (Gesto and Jokumsen, 2022).…”

Section: Sheltering Effects Under External Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate relative size of covered and non-covered structures of artificial reef enhances the sheltering effect on reef fish

et al. 2023

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Identifying the relationship between fish aggregations and artificial reefs (ARs) is important for optimizing reef structures and protecting marine resources subjected to external disturbance. Yet, knowledge remains limited of how the distribution of fish is affected by shelter availability provided by different AR structures. Here, we tested the effects of two structural attributes on the distribution of a benthic juvenile reef fish (fat greenling, Hexagrammos otakii). We used a laboratory mesocosm experiment with a simplified reef unit that was made of covered structure and non-covered structure. The covered structure was defined as the area inside ARs that provided effective shelter. The non-covered structure was defined as the area along the edge of ARs, which attracts fish but has lower sheltering effects. Four scenarios of two orthogonal structural attributes contained in a reef unit were implemented: size of covered structure (small shelter versus large shelter) and size of non-covered structure (small edge versus large edge), forming three size ratios of shelters to edges (low, medium, and high). The sheltering effects of the four scenarios were evaluated based on changes to the distribution patterns of fish under disturbance. We found that the reef with a large shelter had a better sheltering effect than the reef with a small shelter, but was limited by its small edge, especially when fish density was high. In contrast, the sheltering effect of the reef with a small shelter was limited by its large edge compared to the small edge. Thus, a moderate shelter-edge ratio enhanced the ability of juvenile fat greenling to elude external disturbance. Our findings highlight the importance of quantifying how the structural composition of reefs affects fish distributions, providing guidance to optimize AR structures.

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