Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Diannan Small Ear Sows at Diestrus and Metestrus

Abstract

The physiological state of the host affects the gut microbes. The estrus cycle is critical to the reproductive cycle of sows. However, the association between gut microbes and animal estrus is poorly understood. Here, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) non-targeted metabolome technology were used to study the estrous cycles in Diannan small ear pigs. Significantly different gut microbiota and metabolites of sows at estrous and diestrus were screened out and the correlation was analyzed. We found that the intestinal microbial composition and microbial metabolism of Diannan small ear sows were significantly different at diestrus and metestrus. The abundances of Spirochaetes, Spirochaetia, Spirochaetales, Spirochaetaceae, Deltaproteobacteria, unidentified_Alphaproteobacteria, Ruminococcus_sp_YE281, and Treponema_berlinense in intestinal microorganisms of Diannan small ear sows at metestrus are significantly higher than that at diestrus. Propionic acid, benzyl butyrate, sucrose, piperidine, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) were significantly enriched at metestrus compared with diestrus, which were involved in the energy metabolism-related pathways and activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. At diestrus and metestrus, differential microbiota of unidentified_Alphaproteobacteria, Intestinimonas, Peptococcus, Terrisporobacter, and differential metabolites of piperidine, propionic acid, and benzyl butyrate, sucrose, 4-methyl catechol, and AICAR exist a certain degree of correlation. Therefore, unidentified_Alphaproteobacteria, Ruminococcus_sp_YE281, and Treponema_berlinense may have a potential role at metestrus of the Diannan small ear sows. AICAR may be apotential marker of estrus Diannan small ear sows feces, but further studies about the specific mechanism are needed. These findings provide a new perspective for sows production management and improving sows reproductive performance.

Comparison of the gut microbiota and metabolites between Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs

“…In addition, hydroalcoholic Guan et al 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197981 Frontiers in Microbiology 11 frontiersin.org lard extract containing oleamide exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils and peripheral mononuclear cells, lowering the ability to create TNF-α and the activity of antioxidants and pro-inflammatory enzymes (Capó et al, 2021). As one of the primary agents for eliminating metabolites in animals, feces can potentially communicate a large quantity of information regarding the internal physiology of animals and serve as a source of chemical signals (Guan et al, 2022). Therefore, this study suggested that oleamide may be a potential marker of Diannan small ear pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs' feces.…”

Characteristics of the intestinal microbiome of sows in spontaneous and induced estrus

“…Gut microbes play a role in lipid disorders caused by estrogen deficiency (Guo et al, 2023). In our previous study, the intestinal microbial composition and microbial metabolism of Diannan small-ear sows were found to be significantly different between diestrus and metestrus (Guan et al, 2022). Lactobacillus and S24-7 were abundant in the feces of sows that returned to estrus normally, while Streptococcus luteciae was more abundant in sows that did not return to estrus normally (Zhang et al, 2021).…”