Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension

Abstract

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality. Microbiota is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the microbiotas of 300 healthy controls, 300 patients with high blood pressure (HBP), and 300 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The results indicated no significant difference in microbiota diversity among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ). However, differences in microbiota richness among the three groups were significant ( P < 0.05 ). Bacteroidetes and Bacteroidia were the dominant bacteria in the CHD group, Enterobacteriales and Escherichia-shigella in the HBP group, and Acidaminococcaceae and Phascolarctobacterium in the healthy control group. The prediction results of the random forest model indicated that the population with CHD displayed prominent features with high sensitivity, indicating that microbiota detection might become a novel clinical indicator to predict and monitor the risk of cardiovascular events. The prediction of microbiota function suggested differences in oxygen supply and chronic inflammation between populations with HBP/CHD and healthy populations. Although there is no difference in gut microbiota diversity among the three groups, each group has its dominant microbiota in terms of richness.

Specific Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Table 4). Of these assessments, seven (7/13) [14, 30, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41] provided data and were included in meta-analyses. We used bacterial diversity indexes (Shannon and Simpson indexes, Fig.…”

“…Ten (10/16) studies [14, 24, 30, 33, 34, 37, 39-41] measured the β-diversity of gut microbiota mainly using principal coordinate analysis or principal component analysis. Consistent differences between hypertensive and control were reported by eight (8/10) studies [14, 24, 30, 33, 34, 36, 40, 41].…”

“…Ten (10/16) studies [14, 24, 30, 33, 34, 37, 39-41] measured the β-diversity of gut microbiota mainly using principal coordinate analysis or principal component analysis. Consistent differences between hypertensive and control were reported by eight (8/10) studies [14, 24, 30, 33, 34, 36, 40, 41]. Among them, Zhu’s study [34] confirmed a distinct difference among people with different altitudes whereas Wang’s study [37] and Chen’s study [39] found no differences between the two groups.…”

“…Besides, four (4/16) studies [30, 32, 37, 41] and two (2/16) studies [32, 36] analyzed the distinct taxa at the family level and species level in bacterial scales, respectively. However, we did not find any relatively consistent results.…”

“…There was significant difference in the SMDs of Shannon index between HTN and controls (SMD = −0.115, 95% CI = −0.227 to −0.003, p = 0.045, I 2 = 0.0%), while nonsignificant differences were found in Simpson, Chao1, and ACE indexes (SMD = 0.181, 95% CI = −0.107 ) studies [14,24,30,33,34,37,[39][40][41] measured the β-diversity of gut microbiota mainly using principal coordinate analysis or principal component analy-sis. Consistent differences between hypertensive and control were reported by eight (8/10) studies [14,24,30,33,34,36,40,41]. Among them, Zhu's study [34] confirmed a distinct difference among people with different altitudes whereas Wang's study [37] and Chen's study [39] found no differences between the two groups.…”