Analysis of H2S-related short-term degradation and regeneration of anode- and electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cells fueled with biomass steam gasifier product gas

Effect of H2S and HCl contaminants on nickel and ceria pattern anode solid oxide fuel cells

“…Additionally, the ceramic phase can be substituted with a Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor (MIEC), such as ceria or other perovskite materials, to improve the performance of the fuel cell [22]. Anode sulfur tolerance of Ni-YSZ anodes can be significantly improved by optimizing their microstructure and SOFC operating conditions [23,24]. Among MIEC electrodes, the composite of nickel and gadolinium-doped ceria (Ni/GDC) is considered a potential alternative to Ni/YSZ, and it outperforms the latter even under stringent conditions.…”

Spatial sulfur poisoning behavior associated with in‐plane electrochemical performance variation of solid oxide fuel cells

“…However, hydrocarbon fuels derived from biogas may contain some H 2 S, causing fuel electrode degradation owing to sulfur poisoning of the Ni anode, even at ppm levels [4,5]. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the sulfur poisoning mechanism of Ni-based anodes [6][7][8][9][10][11], develop alternative anode materials (conductive oxides and metal sulfides) tolerant to H 2 S impurities [12][13][14], and utilize H 2 S as fuel by electrochemical oxidation [15,16]. Although perovskite-type anode materials may inhibit sulfur poisoning, thus far, none have achieved a performance equivalent to that of SOFCs with Ni anodes [17,18].…”

“…SOFC sulfur poisoning mechanisms have been extensively investigated as a function of various experimental parameters, such as the current density (fuel utilization), operating temperature, H 2 S concentration, and anode volume [4,6,7,10,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. There are three typical stages of cell voltage change behaviors with and without H 2 S containing fuel, at a fixed current: (i) rapid initial voltage drop that is typically completed in seconds or minutes; (ii) slow secondary voltage drop that is typically completed in hours; and (iii) recovery stage with H 2 S-free fuel supply [20,21,29].…”

Fast approach for evaluating H2S poisoning effects on solid oxide fuel cells fueled by carbon‐containing fuels such as biogas

“…Among various species, sulfur compounds have attracted special attention because they are known poisons (see for example [5]). In addition to the catalytic reactions (reforming, water gas shift), which are relevant in particular in carbon-containing, biomass-derived fuels, sulfur has a poisoning effect on the electrochemical reaction in a SOFC [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The poisoning effect of sulfur is believed to occur via chemisorption (Equation (4)) of sulfur (S) at the nickel surface of the SOFC anode, thus blocking active sites for the reforming and the electrochemical reactions [12,13].…”