Analysis of Healing Effect of Alginate Sulfate Hydrogel Dressing Containing Antimicrobial Peptide on Wound Infection Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Background:Wound infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are a health problem worldwide; therefore, it is necessary to develop new antimicrobial compounds. Considering broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low probability of drug resistance to peptides, applications these peptides are being studied extensively.Objectives:In this study, to control drug release over time, an alginate sulfate-based hydrogel impregnated with the CM11 peptide as the antimicrobial agent was developed, and its healing effects were tested on skin infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains in a mouse model.Materials and Methods:Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the CM11 peptide and alginate hydrogel in combination with the peptide were determined. Forty mice were divided into 4 groups: 1 group as a negative control (without treatment; however, 5 mice received hydrogel dressing without peptide), 1 group as a positive control (2% mupirocin treatment), and 2 groups as test groups. To establish skin infection, 200 μL of bacterial suspension with 3 × 108 CFU/mL concentration was subcutaneously injected in the scapular region of the mice. On the basis of the in vitro minimal bactericidal concentration of the alginate hydrogel containing peptide for 15 clinical isolates, hydrogel containing 128 mg/L of peptide was used for wound dressing over an 8-day period.Results:The highest and lowest numbers of wounds were observed on day 2 in the negative and positive control groups, respectively. During the 8-day period, the positive control and hydrogel containing peptide treatment groups showed similar levels of wound healing.Conclusions:This study showed that compared to standard drug treatment, treatment with hydrogel containing peptide had substantial antibacterial effects on S. aureus wound infections in mice.

Fabrication of Nanofibrous PVA/Alginate‐Sulfate Substrates for Growth Factor Delivery

“…Sulfated matrixes made from synthetic or naturally‐derived polymers have been recently used as a promising approach for stabilization and delivery of growth factors . Recently, it has been shown that the sulfation of ALG can facilitate its reversible electrostatic interaction with heparin‐binding proteins in a manner similar to heparin and heparan sulfate . In an interesting study, Cohen et al .…”

“…18 Recently, it has been shown that the sulfation of ALG can facilitate its reversible electrostatic interaction with heparin-binding proteins in a manner similar to heparin and heparan sulfate. [18][19][20][21][22][23] In an interesting study, Cohen et al showed that the sulfation of ALG improved its binding with ten known heparin-binding proteins. 24 They achieved the sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) by mixing ALG and ALG-S, and showed that the release profile was a function of the percentage of bFGF bound to the hydrogel.…”

Polysaccharide-Based Formulations for Healing of Skin-Related Wound Infections: Lessons from Animal Models and Clinical Trials

“…Alginate-based dressings were also evaluated in experimental models of wound infections using mice and rats [32,62]. For instance, the antimicrobial action of an alginate sulfate-hydrogel containing the synthetic peptide CM11 (WKLFKKILKVL-NH 2 ) was evaluated in a murine skin infection induced by a subcutaneous injection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [32]. CM11 was chosen due to its potent antimicrobial action against several species including A. baumannii, Brucella melitensis, E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa [76][77][78].…”

“…Importantly, no existing product meets all the requirements of an ideal dressing. This scenario has encouraged the use of natural polymers, such as carbohydrates, in order to develop new formulations to be applied in the treatment of skin infections [23,[32][33][34][35][36]. In this descriptive review, we present the application of polysaccharide-based formulations in in vivo experimental models of skin wounds infections induced by bacteria.…”

Effect of dual‐drug‐releasing micelle–hydrogel composite on wound healing in vivo in full‐thickness excision wound rat model

“…Wound healing involves a series of complex and wellorchestrated events occurring after an injury or physical trauma to the skin, 12,13 that aims to completely restore the integrity of damaged tissue and reinstate it as a functional barrier. [14][15][16] However, in some extreme situations (i.e., trauma with large full-depth skin damage), 17 complete re-epithelialization takes a long time. 18 Therefore, extensive studies are focusing on wound dressing systems to promote better wound healing and to reduce scar formation.…”