The generalized effective conductivity of a heterogeneous medium with chaotic structure is defined based on the ideas of the renormalization group transformation method and the theory of fractals. The fractal sets obtained from rectangular lattices have been used to construct the structure of a nanocomposite with random distribution of components (phases). A model for the calculation of effective electrical conductivity of filled polymer nanocomposites is developed. It is based on conductivity between two filler particles separated by matrix polymer as an elementary conductivity event and the application of an iterative averaging method. The comparison of the calculation and experimental data of different filled polymer systems shows good agreement. PACS: 72.80 Tm; 72.60þ g; and 84.32 Ff. POLYM. COMPOS.