Analysis of HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Liangshan Prefecture, China, from 2009 to 2015

Abstract

BackgroundYi people make up about 50% of the population in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, but accounted for 88.07% of new HIV cases in the prefecture from 2011 to 2013. This study evaluated HIV prevalence in pregnant women of Liangshan Prefecture using HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS) data over the period of 2009 to 2015.MethodsXichang, Zhaojue County, and Butuo County were selected as HSS sites. We investigated the temporal trends in HIV prevalence in these areas, and the association between demographic and behavioral characteristics and risk of HIV infection.ResultsData on a total of 2797 pregnant women in Xichang and 3983 pregnant women in Zhaojue and Butuo was collected for the period 2009 to 2015. There was a fluctuating HIV prevalence among pregnant women of Xichang, with a rate of 0.75% in 2015 (χ2trend = 2.27, P = 0.13). HIV prevalence among pregnant women of Zhaojue and Butuo was consistently high, varying between 3.4% (9/267, 2011) and 10.3% (82/796, 2012) over the period of 2010 to 2015 (χ2trend = 0.12, P = 0.73). In Xichang, we found that Yi ethnicity (OR = 11.37, 95% CI = 2.92–44.25) and a husband who used drugs (OR = 32.13, 95% CI = 5.33–193.67) were significantly associated with HIV risk in pregnant women. For Zhaojue and Butuo, we observed that pregnant women had a higher risk of HIV infection when they were over 30 years old (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.17–2.52), when they had a higher number of previous births, when their husbands had a history of migrating for work (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.16–2.08), and when they had a history of other sexually transmitted infections (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.16–2.08). Compared to those with a primary school education or below, pregnant women with a secondary or high school education level had a lower risk of HIV infection (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09–0.89).ConclusionOur results indicate that there is a serious HIV epidemic among pregnant Yi women, especially for those with less education, more past births, or a husband with a history of out-migrating for work or STD infection.

Socio-demographic and Obstetric Variations of T. gondii and HIV-1 Co-infection among Pregnant Women in Cameroon

“…This may be attributed to lack of adequate information on the mode of transmission and prevention of HIV and other STDs. This result is similar to studies by [17,23] and contrary to other studies where women with tertiary education had a higher HIV seroprevalence [19,26].…”

“…This study is one of the few studies carried out in Cameroon to explore the seroprevalence of T. gondii and HIV co-infection among pregnant women in Bamenda Health District. Despite the low HIV prevalence (4.3%) in Cameroon in 2016 [22], the prevalence of HIV (11.6%) among pregnant women was high compared to the 0.5-10.3% range reported in other countries of the world [14,17,23] and from other towns in Cameroon [20,21]. However, it was quite low compared to the 61.6% reported by Simpore et al [11] in a study carried out in Burkina Faso.…”

“…Worldwide, about 36•7 million people are infected with HIV, but very little is known about the prevalence of HIV-1 co-infection with T gondii parasites [15,16]. Early HIV diagnosis and interventions among pregnant women have shown to decrease the likelihood of mother to child transmission [10,17]. HIV prevalence is shown to increase among pregnant women as such screening of all women during antenatal care is important [17,18].…”

“…Early HIV diagnosis and interventions among pregnant women have shown to decrease the likelihood of mother to child transmission [10,17]. HIV prevalence is shown to increase among pregnant women as such screening of all women during antenatal care is important [17,18]. The prevalence of HIV among pregnant women ranges from 0.5-61.6% in other countries [11,17,19] and between 2.6 -22.1% within other towns in Cameroon [16,20,21].…”

“…HIV prevalence is shown to increase among pregnant women as such screening of all women during antenatal care is important [17,18]. The prevalence of HIV among pregnant women ranges from 0.5-61.6% in other countries [11,17,19] and between 2.6 -22.1% within other towns in Cameroon [16,20,21]. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the rate of mother to child transmission has greatly reduced to a range of 1.4-2.5% [18].…”