Analysis of Hospital’s Emergency and Disaster Preparedness Using Hospital Safety Index in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is country with abundant high-risk areas for various disasters that can affect both the structural and non-structural safety of various vital establishments, particularly hospitals. This present study aims to examine the level of the hospital safety index in nine hospitals in four provinces based on the guidelines from the WHO/PAHO (World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization). The Hospital Safety Index (HSI) guidelines consist of four parameters that include the types of hazards, structural safety, non-structural safety, disasters and emergency managements. This study was a cross-sectional study on data obtained through interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), observations, and document reviews to assess the parameters of the HSI. Data were calculated for the HSI score, and descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were carried out. The SPSS software version 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results show that the overall safety index was 0.673 (Level A), meaning that it is likely the hospital will maintain functionality in emergencies and disasters. By province, the level A index was identified in DKI Jakarta (0.76), Yogyakarta (0.709), and West Java (0.673), showing that hospitals in these provinces will maintain functionality in emergency and disaster situations; however, in North Sumatera, the index was categorized in B category (0.507), demonstrating that the hospital’s ability to function during and after emergencies and disasters is potentially at risk. The multiple correspondence analysis shows that the hospitals in the provinces of Yogyakarta and West Java tend to achieve similar categories in almost all assessment modules; therefore, control measures of preparedness should be considered, such as improvements in equipment and facilities; hospital emergency and disaster response and recovery planning; communication and information management; training; and relevant stakeholders awareness.

Assessing hospital disaster preparedness: A scoping review of available tools

“…The flow of the processes of selecting the articles is provided in Figure 1 . Out of ten studies included in the present scoping review, they were from Turkey [ 14 ], Iran [ 15 ], Lebanon [ 16 ], Indonesia [ 17 ], India [ 18 ], Ethiopia [ 19 ], Saudi Arabia [ 20 ], Pakistan [ 7 ], Philippines [ 21 ], and Saudi Arabia [ 20 ], which implemented the tools of disaster preparedness in the hospital. The characteristics of the data included studies are presented in Table 1 .…”

“…Most of the studies used modified tools by experts to assess the hospital’s disaster preparedness. Five studies used the World Health Organization (WHO) Hospital Safety Index (HSI) as a reference to assess hospital disaster preparedness [ 7 , 17 - 20 ]. Although studies used the HSI tool, it was modified and therefore the results are still in line with the aim of the studies [ 7 , 17 - 20 ].…”

Assessment of coping capacity of public health facilities with health emergency situations during an event of flood in Mumbai

“…[ 14 ] National guidelines that are developed in the country are important as it serves as an important tool for health professionals, policymakers, and researchers. National guidelines for infection prevention and control (IPC) in health care facilities (HCF) mentioned that all staff members, irrespective of their individual routine duties, need training in implementing procedures and protocols described in the Hospital Emergency Response Plan[ 15 ] in the current study, every hospital had medical first aid responders and all the professional health care staff received at least one training session on a topic related to the outbreak, monsoon related diseases, and disaster management. The majority of the respondents stated that training was conducted in their organization annually before the monsoon season.…”

Disaster readiness assessment model using integrated statistical variance and proximity value index

“…The structural dimension is concerned with the physical facilities such as buildings, whereas the non-structural dimension refers to the electrical and mechanical supporting building operation. The functional dimension pertains to the support from human resources, logistics and communication paths with other organizations in undertaking disaster response (Lestari et al ., 2022). It is an accepted fact that identifying the priorities of disaster preparedness assists managers and decision-makers in allocating their limited resources.…”