Analysis of Human Behavior and Evacuation in Building Fires Using Computer Evacuation Models

Abstract

Human behavior in critical situations is at the core of all concerns about the fire safety of buildings, regardless of their destination. The way in which the human caught in the fire reacts to the risk factor to which he is exposed, his behavioral response to the direct action of the fire, or his psychological response to the effect of the fire (temperature, smoke opacity, reduced visibility, exposure to toxic combustion gases), are all factors that can drastically influence the required safe escape time. All these considerations underlie the modern evacuation models used both in the design phase of fire-safe buildings and during the post-event investigation of these undesirable situations. This paper analyzes the possibilities of using the computerized evacuation models and highlights the advantages of using the engineering approach in the field of fire safety. A study was conducted using Pyrosim specialized software and one of the most popular evacuation model, namely FDS+Evac, in order to evaluate the numerical model's capability to predict the occupant evacuation in the case of a presumptive building fire scenario.

Modern Technologies for Solving Actual Society's Problems

“…Проведено аналіз поведінки людини при пожежі в будівлях з використанням комп'ютерного моделювання евакуації 656 . Поведінка людини в критичних ситуаціях лежить в основі всіх побоювань щодо пожежної безпеки будівель, незалежно від їх призначення.…”

Fire Scenario Zone Construction and Personnel Evacuation Planning Based on a Building Information Model and Geographical Information System

“…To decrease the casualties in fire disasters and improve evacuation efficiency, it is vitally important to explore and reveal the factors that impact evacuation [23]. During fire evacuation, human behavior and capability can be significantly influenced by the environmental conditions [24,25], mainly due to temperature, smoke, reduced visibility, and toxic combustion gases [3,22,26]. In addition, several factors influence residents' emergency preparedness, such as fire risk perception, owner or renter status, and building-level emergency preparedness [27].…”