Analysis of HWMP-ETX Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

Naragund, Jayalakshmi G.; Banakar, R. M.

doi:10.1109/adcons.2013.23

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The model in [12] uses EXT (expected transmission count) as a metric and compares it with the HWMP metric based on hops. It then utilizes ns-2, which results in a decrease in network latency.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Linear Model for the Calculation of Routing Metrics in 802.11s Using ns-3 and RStudio

Ochoa-Aldeán,

Silva-Cárdenas

2023

Computers

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Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) offer a pragmatic solution with a cost-effective ratio when provisioning ubiquitous broadband internet access and diverse telecommunication systems. The conceptual underpinning of mesh networks finds application not only in IEEE networks, but also in 3GPP networks like LTE and the low-power wide area network (LPWAN) tailored for the burgeoning Internet of Things (IoT) landscape. IEEE 802.11s is well known for its facto standard for WMN, which defines the hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP) as a layer-2 routing protocol and airtime link (ALM) as a metric. In this intricate landscape, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a prominent role in the industry, particularly within the technology and telecommunication realms. This study presents a novel methodology for the computation of routing metrics, specifically the ALM. This methodology implements the network simulator ns-3 and the RStudio as a statistical computing environment for data analysis. The former has enabled for the creation of scripts that elicit a variety of scenarios for WMN where information is gathered and stored in databases. The latter (RStudio) takes this information, and at this point, two linear predictions are supported. The first uses linear models (lm) and the second employs general linear models (glm). To conclude this process, statistical tests are applied to the original model, as well as to the new suggested ones. This work substantially contributes in two ways: first, through the methodological tool for the metric calculation of the HWMP protocol that belongs to the IEEE 802.11s standard, using lm and glm for the selection and validation of the model regressors. At this stage the ANOVA and STEPWIZE tools of RStudio are used. The second contribution is a linear predictor that improves the WMN’s performance as a priori mechanism before the use of the ns-3 simulator. The ANCOVA tool of RStudio is employed in the latter.

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Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Linear Model for the Calculation of Routing Metrics in 802.11s Using ns-3 and RStudio

Ochoa-Aldeán,

Silva-Cárdenas

2023

Computers

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“…In [11], it is proposed to use ETX (Expected Transmission Count) as a metric for HWMP and compare it with HWMP based on hop count. To accomplish this goal, the study uses an NS-2, obtaining a decrease in delays but an increase in the overhead.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Linear Model for the Calculation of Routing Metrics in 802.11s using NS3 and RStudio

Ochoa-Aldeán¹,

Silva-Cárdenas²

2022

Preprint

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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) are a solution with a reasonable cost/benefit ratio when provid-ing broadband internet access. The concept is being used not only in IEEE networks but also in other wireless networks such as cellular networks (4G/5G) and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). IEEE 802.11s is the facto standard and is well known for working with WMN. The standard defines Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) as a layer 2 routing protocol. The met-ric proposed by the protocol is Air Time Link (ALM), and the IEEE 802.11 standard proposes an equation for its calculation. This work proposes a new methodology for the calculation of ALM which has been developed in the following way: through several scripts, which simulate various WMN scenarios in NS-3, collect information in several databases, and then take the data to RStu-dio, where different statistical tests are developed, such as linear models (LM), generalized linear models (GLM), and other statistical tests for both the original and new model proposals. The result is a new methodology for the calculation of metrics, using statistical techniques in the selection and validation of model regressors, presenting an a priori tool to improve the per-formance of the WMS's.

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“…This protocol absorbs the advantages of both reactionary routing protocol and proactive routing protocol based on tree topology, which is more compatible with Wireless Mesh Network. The current improvement policies mainly optimize property of system through different routing metrics as follows: Reservation-based HWMP (R-HWMP) [15] protocol upgrade Quality of Service through introducing fields of RSpec and TSpec; HWMP-ETX [16] , Q-HWMP [17] and HWMP+ [18] protocols reduce the delay and packet loss probability through introducing Expected Transmission count, and delay, link quality, throughput and other routing metrics; Eltahir and other scholars [19] introduce a Link Expiration Time(LET for short) into routing metrics taking advantage of stability of LET decisive link, which can increase mobile adaptive ability. In addition, energy-efficient HWMP protocol [20] strengthen energy validity through making surplus energy of nodes as routing metrics.…”

Section: Hwmp Routing Protocol and Its Improvement Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Media Access Control (MAC) and Routing Technologies of WiFi-MESH wireless Network

Zhu¹,

Dai²

2016

Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Applications

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WiFi-MESH wireless network which are mainly based on the 802.11 protocols are developed quickly in recent years. The principle features, difficulties, directions and application schemes of the key technologies of WiFi-MESH systems, including MAC mechanisms and routing protocols, are analyzed and discussed. It can be concluded in the paper that the TDMA mechanisms based on 802.11 should be developed further for avoiding the collisions in essence, and the new BATMAN-adv routing protocol based on OSI architecture layer two may raise the performance of the systems more significantly than the HWMP routing protocol. Finally, some new technologies which could be used in WiFi-MESH are discussed.

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Analysis of HWMP-ETX Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

A New Linear Model for the Calculation of Routing Metrics in 802.11s Using ns-3 and RStudio

A New Linear Model for the Calculation of Routing Metrics in 802.11s Using ns-3 and RStudio

A New Linear Model for the Calculation of Routing Metrics in 802.11s using NS3 and RStudio

Survey of Media Access Control (MAC) and Routing Technologies of WiFi-MESH wireless Network

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