Analysis of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Whole-Genome DNA Microarrays: Significance of Prophage and Hypervariable Regions for Discriminating Isolates

Pittenger, Lauren G; Frye, Jonathan G.; McNerney, Victoria; Reeves, Jaxk; Haro, Jovita; Fedorka–Cray, Paula J.; Harrison, Mark A.; Englen, Mark D.

doi:10.1089/fpd.2011.1048

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Whole genome sequencing of C. jejuni strain 414 also demonstrated the presence of a prophage homologous to CJIE4, though less than 75% of the RM1221 CJIE4 genes were present [12] . Similar variability in CJIE4 content was reported by Pittenger et al [13] in comparative genomic hybridization experiments. A prophage homologous to CJIE4 was also found in C. jejuni S3 [14] .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

DNA Sequence Heterogeneity of Campylobacter jejuni CJIE4 Prophages and Expression of Prophage Genes

et al. 2014

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Campylobacter jejuni carry temperate bacteriophages that can affect the biology or virulence of the host bacterium. Known effects include genomic rearrangements and resistance to DNA transformation. C. jejuni prophage CJIE1 shows sequence variability and variability in the content of morons. Homologs of the CJIE1 prophage enhance both adherence and invasion to cells in culture and increase the expression of a specific subset of bacterial genes. Other C. jejuni temperate phages have so far not been well characterized. In this study we describe investigations into the DNA sequence variability and protein expression in a second prophage, CJIE4. CJIE4 sequences were obtained de novo from DNA sequencing of five C. jejuni isolates, as well as from whole genome sequences submitted to GenBank by other research groups. These CJIE4 DNA sequences were heterogenous, with several different insertions/deletions (indels) in different parts of the prophage genome. Two variants of a 3–4 kb region inserted within CJIE4 had different gene content that distinguished two major conserved CJIE4 prophage families. Additional indels were detected throughout the prophage. Detection of proteins in the five isolates characterized in our laboratory in isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) experiments indicated that prophage proteins within each of the two large indel variants were expressed during growth of the bacteria on Mueller Hinton agar plates. These proteins included the extracellular DNase associated with resistance to DNA transformation and prophage repressor proteins. Other proteins associated with known or suspected roles in prophage biology were also expressed from CJIE4, including capsid protein, the phage integrase, and MazF, a type II toxin-antitoxin system protein. Together with the results previously obtained for the CJIE1 prophage these results demonstrate that sequence variability and expression of moron genes are both general properties of temperate bacteriophages in C. jejuni.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

DNA Sequence Heterogeneity of Campylobacter jejuni CJIE4 Prophages and Expression of Prophage Genes

et al. 2014

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“…This finding supports the conclusions of Pittenger et al . [21], who determined that C. jejuni RM1221 variable genes – most of them of prophage origin – were more widely distributed in isolates from cattle and humans than from other sources. However, for CJIE1 it was apparent from the results presented in Table 4 that the prophage was present in a greater proportion of C. jejuni from chickens and swine manure than any other sources, though the number of isolates obtained from swine manure do not allow much confidence in that result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Campylobacter jejuniCJIE1 prophage homologs on adherence and invasion in culture, patient symptoms, and source of infection

et al. 2012

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BackgroundProphages of enteric bacteria are frequently of key importance for the biology, virulence, or host adaptation of their host. Some C. jejuni isolates carry homologs of the CJIE1 (CMLP 1) prophage that carry cargo genes potentially involved in virulence. Possible role(s) of CJIE1 homologs in the biology and virulence of C. jejuni were therefore investigated by using in vitro cell culture assays and by assessing the association of C. jejuni isolates with and without these prophages with patients’ symptoms, with source, and with clonal lineages within the C. jejuni population.ResultsFour C. jejuni isolates, three carrying the CJIE1-like prophage and one without, were tested in cell culture assays for adherence and invasion. Both adherence and invasion of C. jejuni to cells in culture were increased by the presence of the CJIE1-family prophage. Differences in motility and growth rate did not appear to be responsible. The CJIE1 prophage was present in 23% of isolates from human and non-human sources combined that were obtained through sentinel-site surveillance, and the distribution of CJIE1 in this population showed modest clonal associations. There was no correlation between the presence of the CJIE1 prophage in C. jejuni and patient symptoms, although there was some statistical support for lower rates of abdominal pain and fever when the prophage was present. Little evidence was found for a role of the prophage in host adaptation or host specificity.ConclusionThese biological effects suggest that the presence of the prophage may be a marker for differential virulence of some C. jejuni isolates. Ongoing research into the effects of the prophage on protein expression may provide additional insights into the roles the prophage may play in the biology of its host bacterium.

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Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Whole-Genome DNA Microarrays: Significance of Prophage and Hypervariable Regions for Discriminating Isolates

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

DNA Sequence Heterogeneity of Campylobacter jejuni CJIE4 Prophages and Expression of Prophage Genes

DNA Sequence Heterogeneity of Campylobacter jejuni CJIE4 Prophages and Expression of Prophage Genes

Effects of the Campylobacter jejuniCJIE1 prophage homologs on adherence and invasion in culture, patient symptoms, and source of infection

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