Analysis of Impervious Surface Area, and the Impacts on Soil-Based Agriculture and the Hydrologic Cycle: A Case Study in the Agricultural Land Reserve in Metro  Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Rose, Ashley; Wilson, Julie E.; Lavkulich, L. M.

doi:10.4236/as.2017.88062

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Similarly, the runoff volumes increased to 35%, and 49% when rainfall depths increased by 10% (Scenarios-4) and 20% (Scenarios-5), respectively (Figure 7). The findings of this study are in agreement with the results of some other previous studies [16].…”

Section: Hec-hms Model Layout and Simulation Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of Increasing Rainfall Depths and Impervious Areas on the Hydrologic Responses

Khanaum¹,

Borhan²

2023

OJMH

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Hydrologic modeling is a popular tool for estimating the hydrological response of a watershed. However, modeling processes are becoming more complex due to land-use changes such as urbanization, industrialization, and the expansion of agricultural activities. The primary goal of the research was to use the HEC-HMS model to evaluate the impact of impervious soil layers and the increase in rainfall-runoff processes on hydrologic processes. For these purposes, the Watershed Modelling System (WMS) and Hydrologic Engineering Center's-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) models were used in this study to simulate the rainfall-runoff process. To compute runoff rate, runoff volume, base flow, and flow routing methods SCS curve number, SCS unit hydrograph, recession, and loss routing methods were selected for the research, respectively. To reduce the processing time and computational complexity, a small section of the Pipestem Creek Watershed was selected to understand the methods and concepts associated with the hydrologic simulation model building. A DEM along with other required data such as land use land cover data, soil type data, and meteorological data was utilized to delineate the watershed in WMS. The output of WMS was utilized to run the HEC-HMS model for five different scenario analyses. All the relevant data were plugged in to the model to get the desired map. Subsequently, outlets at appropriate locations were selected for the sub-basin delineation for further analysis. Finally, the model was parametrized to get successful simulation results. Overall, peak discharges and runoff volumes were increased with increasing storm depths and impervious areas. Peak discharges were increased to 36% and 51% when rainfall depths were increased by 10% and 20% from the initial rainfall depth, respectively. Runoff volumes were also increased to 35% and 49% for the same scenarios, respectively.

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Section: Hec-hms Model Layout and Simulation Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of Increasing Rainfall Depths and Impervious Areas on the Hydrologic Responses

Khanaum¹,

Borhan²

2023

OJMH

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“…Industrial districts are 72% impervious [37]. Water bodies, forest wetland, treed wetlands, wetland, and wetland shrub have 0% imperviousness [43]. Both forests and trees are assumed to have 1% impervious cover [44].…”

Section: Hydrological Model Hec-hms Setup and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both forests and trees are assumed to have 1% impervious cover [44]. Cropland is considered to be 3% impervious [43]. The total % imperviousness of each sub-basin was estimated by the sum of each % imperviousness of one land use multiplied by the area-weighted land use, as given below:…”

Section: Hydrological Model Hec-hms Setup and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Analysis of Extreme Rain Events in a Medium-Sized Basin

2021

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The hydrological response of a medium-sized watershed with both rural and urban characteristics was investigated through event-based modeling. Different meteorological event conditions were examined, such as events of high precipitation intensity, double hydrological peak, and mainly normal to wet antecedent moisture conditions. Analysis of the hydrometric features of the precipitation events was conducted by comparing the different rainfall time intervals, the total volume of water, and the precedent soil moisture. Parameter model calibration and validation were performed for rainfall events under similar conditions, examined in pairs, in order to verify two hydrological models, the lumped HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System model) and the semi-distributed HBV-light (a recent version of Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning model), at the exit of six individual gauged sub-basins. Model verification was achieved by using the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and volume error index. Different time of concentration (Tc) formulas are better applied to the sub-watersheds with respect to the dominant land uses, classifying the Tc among the most sensitive parameters that influence the time of appearance and the magnitude of the peak modeled flow through the HEC-HMS model. The maximum water content of the soil box (FC) affects most the peak flow via the HBV-light model, whereas the MAXBAS parameter has the greatest effect on the displayed time of peak discharge. The modeling results show that the HBV-light performed better in the events that had less precipitation volume compared to their pairs. The event with the higher total precipitated water produced better results with the HEC-HMS model, whereas the rest of the two high precipitation events performed satisfactorily with both models. April to July is a flood hazard period that will be worsened with the effect of climate change. The suggested calibrated parameters for severe precipitation events can be used for the prediction of future events with similar features. The above results can be used in the water resources management of the basin.

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“…Besides, urbanization has led Malaysia to replace most of the vegetative lands with impervious surface such as street pavement. The replacement has become a major problem because these impervious surfaces of street pavement has reduced the natural infiltration area and thus increase the amount of stormwater to flow on the street [13]. Eventually, the problem has contributed to water ponding or flooding whereby it gives unpleasant impacts to the traffic user as it disturbs their routine and possibly lasts for quite some time [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Infiltration Rate of Pervious Concrete on Street Curb Application

2019

ijrte

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The street curb and stormwater inlets are among the component often found on the road which serve as part of the urban stormwater drainage system. They act as a stormwater removal and discharge it into the underground drainage system. However, the current stormwater inlet practiced in Malaysia has limitations which often cause water ponding and consequently lead to road flooding. Rather than improving the performance of stormwater inlet, the flow interception and rate of stormwater removal may be enhanced by introducing a new technology called the pervious curb. It isto be made of pervious concrete which provide an ability to allow water to pass through it.This paper attempts to adapt the existingtwo pervious concrete mix design and applied it into the so-called pervious curb. Herein, a newly designed infiltration rate test was used to test the pervious concrete performance under the effect of infiltration through side surface of the concrete curb. While doing so, the infiltration rate of the pervious concrete will be investigated under varying slopes. Results showed that the infiltration rate is quite high and the rate of infiltration increases as the inclination gutter increases. Thus, it is proven that the new infiltration rate test is applicable and can be used for other similar applications. Furthermore, the test has significantly revealed that the pervious concrete has high potential in enhancing flow interception and able to reduce water ponding as a street curb.

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Analysis of Impervious Surface Area, and the Impacts on Soil-Based Agriculture and the Hydrologic Cycle: A Case Study in the Agricultural Land Reserve in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Increasing Rainfall Depths and Impervious Areas on the Hydrologic Responses

Effects of Increasing Rainfall Depths and Impervious Areas on the Hydrologic Responses

Hydrological Analysis of Extreme Rain Events in a Medium-Sized Basin

Infiltration Rate of Pervious Concrete on Street Curb Application

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