“…The most significant sources of contamination from various stages of the process are: wood preparation, pulping, pulp washing, screening, bleaching, papermaking, and coating operations, depending on the method. The type of wood, the type of operation, the amount of water that the mill can circulate, the technology utilized, and the management techniques adopted all influence the properties of the waste liquid to be treated (Chauhan et al, 2021;Shaikh et al, 2021;Tillaguango et al, 2022;Islam et al, 2022). Untreated waste fluids might have significant biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended particles (primarily fibers), fatty acids, tannins, resin acids, lignin, and its derivatives, depending on the raw material and the procedure involved (Kamali and Khodaparast, 2015).…”