Analysis of in vitro digestion using human gut microbiota in adult and elderly individuals

Elderly gastrointestinal conditions increase sterol bioaccessibility in a plant sterol-enriched beverage: adaptation of the INFOGEST method

“…23,27 Moreover, a decrease in the activity of pepsin in different ranges was indicated, as well as for GL when used. 22,27 Finally, in the intestinal phase, some studies increased the duration, [18][19][20][21]25 while it was kept the same by other authors; 24,26,27 also the agitation speed and the enzyme activity were reduced (generally by half ). [18][19][20][21]24,25,27 Proteolysis tests stand out for their relative abundance in most assays that have adapted gastrointestinal digestion for the elderly population.…”

“…22,27 Finally, in the intestinal phase, some studies increased the duration, [18][19][20][21]25 while it was kept the same by other authors; 24,26,27 also the agitation speed and the enzyme activity were reduced (generally by half ). [18][19][20][21]24,25,27 Proteolysis tests stand out for their relative abundance in most assays that have adapted gastrointestinal digestion for the elderly population. In this regard, several of them have been carried out on a meat matrix, 22,27 dairy products, 21,23 fish, 18 cereals and legumes, 21 eggs, 19 sponge cake 26 and protein dissolved in water.…”

“…23,27 Moreover, a decrease in the activity of pepsin in different ranges was indicated, as well as for GL when used. 22,27 Finally, in the intestinal phase, some studies increased the duration, 18–21,25 while it was kept the same by other authors; 24,26,27 also the agitation speed and the enzyme activity were reduced (generally by half). 18–21,24,25,27…”

“…22,27 Finally, in the intestinal phase, some studies increased the duration, 18–21,25 while it was kept the same by other authors; 24,26,27 also the agitation speed and the enzyme activity were reduced (generally by half). 18–21,24,25,27…”

“…For instance, in the oral phase, a reduction of the chewing cycles of solid foods was reported, [18][19][20][21][22] whereas in liquids no changes were indicated and the activity of salivary amylase was not modified or not even used in most cases. 23,24 In the gastric phase, in some studies the duration or pH was increased [18][19][20][21]25 and the frequency of agitation was reduced, 24,25 while these factors were kept the same by other authors. 23,27 Moreover, a decrease in the activity of pepsin in different ranges was indicated, as well as for GL when used.…”