“…Lu et al [31] studied the antioxidant capacity and contained phenolic compounds of 18 spices in curry powder, including star anise, fennel, cumin, angelica dahurica root, green prickleyash, Sichuan pepper, dried tangerine peel, white pepper, nutmeg, galangal, dried ginger, tsaoko amomum fruit, villous amomum fruit, dried chili pepper, bay leaves, cinnamon, and mustard, and found that total flavonoids were higher than total phenolics. Total flavonoids were reported as major constituents found in cardamom, clove, cinnamon, black pepper, cumin seed, fennel seed, red chili, coriander, and ginger [32]. Akullo et al [33] stated that garlic bulbs extracted with ethanol provided higher TPC than TFC, explaining the reason why spicy basil leaf curry contained higher TPC than Massaman curry, even when the spicy basil leaf curry was mainly garlic (45%) and dried basil leaves (35%).…”