Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012–13 influenza season in Odate, Japan

Kamigaki, Taro; Mimura, Satoshi; Takahashi, Yoshihiro; Oshitani, Hitoshi

doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1007-8

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Variation in age- and location-specific contact patterns underpin transmission dynamics, determining the size and timing of an epidemic peak 13 , population groups most susceptible to early infection and how infection propagates through social networks 14 . For example, models for seasonal influenza find that outbreaks are driven by intense contact at school between school-aged children followed by secondary transmission to household members 15,16 . The influence of contact patterns (between and within age groups and at specific locations) on transmission highlights the value of incorporating age-specific, location-stratified contact rates to more realistically simulate the spread of infection 17–20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid review of social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic

Liu

Berlin

Kiti

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Physical distancing measures aim to reduce person-to-person contact, a key driver of transmission of respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV-2. In response to unprecedented restrictions on human contact during the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of studies measured social contact patterns under the implementation of physical distancing measures. This rapid review aims to synthesize empirical data on the changing social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Medline, Embase and Google Scholar following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We descriptively compared the distribution of contacts observed during the pandemic to pre-COVID data across countries to explore changes in contact patterns during physical distancing measures. Results: We identified 12 studies that reported social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of studies (11/12) collected data during the initial mitigation period in the spring of 2020 marked by government-declared lockdowns and the most stringent physical distancing measures. Some studies collected additional data after relaxation of initial mitigation. Most study settings reported a mean of between 2-5 contacts per person per day, a substantial reduction compared to pre-COVID rates which ranged from 7-26 contacts per day in similar settings. This reduction was particularly pronounced for contacts outside of the home. Consequently, levels of assortative mixing by age substantially declined. After relaxation of initial mitigation, mean contact rates subsequently increased but did not return to pre-COVID levels. Increases in contacts post-relaxation were driven by working-age adults. Conclusion: Information on changes in contact patterns during physical distancing measures can guide more realistic representations of contact patterns in mathematical models for SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid review of social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic

Liu

Berlin

Kiti

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In traditional approaches to studying interpersonal influenza transmission, the main focus was identifying people with ILI symptoms or confirmed ILI in a hospital setting and then following up with the potential transmission within the household or in schools [ 10 , 30 ]. One study with a flu watch cohort in the United Kingdom also tried to recruit healthy participants from volunteers among general practitioners to monitor the influenza activity, severity, and virus evolution in the community [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Risk of Influenza-Like Illness Transmission Through Social Contacts: Web-Based Participatory Cohort Study

Chan¹,

Hu²,

Hwang³

2018

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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BackgroundEpidemiological studies on influenza have focused mostly on enhancing vaccination coverage or promoting personal hygiene behavior. Few studies have investigated potential effects of personal health behaviors and social contacts on the risk of getting influenza-like illness (ILI).ObjectiveTaking advantage of an online participatory cohort, this study aimed to estimate the increased risk of getting ILI after contact with infected persons and examine how personal health behaviors, weather, and air pollution affect the probability of getting ILI.MethodsA Web-based platform was designed for participants to record daily health behaviors and social contacts during the influenza season of October 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016, in Taiwan. Data on sleep, diet, physical activity, self-reported ILI, and contact with infected persons were retrieved from the diaries. Measurements of weather and air pollutants were used for calculating environmental exposure levels for the participants. We fitted a mixed-effects logistic regression model to the daily measurements of the diary keepers to estimate the effects of these variables on the risk of getting ILI.ResultsDuring the influenza season, 160 participants provided 14,317 health diaries and recorded 124,222 face-to-face contacts. The model estimated odds ratio of getting ILI was 1.87 (95% CI 1.40-2.50) when a person had contact with others having ILI in the previous 3 days. Longer duration of physical exercise and eating more fruits, beans, and dairy products were associated with lower risk of getting ILI. However, staying up late was linked to an elevated risk of getting ILI. Higher variation of ambient temperature and worse air quality were associated with increased risk of developing ILI.ConclusionsDeveloping a healthier lifestyle, avoiding contact with persons having ILI symptoms, and staying alert with respect to temperature changes and air quality can reduce the risk of getting ILI.

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“…The dosage and administration of NAIs were as per the package insert for each product. Secondary infection patients were household members who were diagnosed with the same influenza type/subtype as the index patient between 24 hours and 7 days after the onset of symptoms in the index patient (Figure ), similar to the time frame used in previous studies of influenza household transmission in Japan . Extrafamilial transmission was considered to be a small proportion of the total and randomly distributed among the families regardless of NAI used to treat the index patient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%