Analysis of Interactions Among Two Tropical Depressions and Typhoons Tembin and Bolaven (2012) in Pacific Ocean by Using Satellite Cloud Images

Abstract

This paper presents a framework for using remote sensing imagery and image processing techniques to analyze the interactions among tropical depressions (TDs) and typhoons. The purpose is to properly understand and predict this phenomenon, in order to reduce their influence on the regions where they pass by. Improvements on the understanding of the interactions among TDs and typhoons are obtained and presented. They carry the potential to improve forecast of severe weather system. In this paper, we analyzed the physical responses of TDs on two typhoons Tembin and Bolaven (2012), including TD's appearance, development, interaction, and mergence. According to the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Tembin and Bolaven were formed about 1550 km apart. In general, the Fujiwhara effect happens when two storms are within a distance of 1400 km. Does the TD have impacts on the typhoons, and could we also call this impact as Fujiwhara effect? The 3-D profiles of the weather systems are reconstructed using the multifunctional transport satellite (MTSAT) infrared cloud images by the image reconstruction technique (IRT). The 3-D profiles of typhoons were implemented for investigating the in-depth distribution of the cloud top from a surface cloud image. The main parameters, which have been analyzed in this paper, are distance, height difference, rotation, and sizes of the two TDs and the two typhoons. The results showed that two TDs occurred between typhoons Tembin and Bolaven, which interacted with each other through upward convection and attraction between two typhoons and the TDs, respectively. The mergence of the two TDs caused the typhoons to start rotating and generate strengthened power. The findings of the TD effects on two typhoons represent a new aspect of the interaction between TD and typhoon.Index Terms-Satellite cloud image, three-dimensional (3-D) profile reconstruction, tropical depression (TD)-cyclone interaction.

Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

“…However, TC precipitation usually weakens positive sea surface salinity anomaly (Girishkumar et al 2014;Liu et al 2020) and causes negative sea surface salinity anomaly to the left (right) side of TC track in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere (Grodsky et al 2012;. The freshness of the sea surface by precipitation increases the upper ocean stratification and weakens the TC-induced mixing (Jourdain et al 2013;Vissa et al 2013;Liu et al 2015Liu et al , 2020, which restricts the sea surface cooling and the negative TCocean feedback (Balaguru et al 2016). There is a barrier layer if the upper ocean isosaline layer is shallower than the isothermal layer, which also prohibits the deepening of the upper ocean mixed layer caused by a TC (Balaguru et al 2012;Liu et al 2015;Yan et al 2017).…”

“…The freshness of the sea surface by precipitation increases the upper ocean stratification and weakens the TC-induced mixing (Jourdain et al 2013;Vissa et al 2013;Liu et al 2015Liu et al , 2020, which restricts the sea surface cooling and the negative TCocean feedback (Balaguru et al 2016). There is a barrier layer if the upper ocean isosaline layer is shallower than the isothermal layer, which also prohibits the deepening of the upper ocean mixed layer caused by a TC (Balaguru et al 2012;Liu et al 2015;Yan et al 2017). Research shows that the upper ocean salinity response can persists about 10-12 days (Girishkumar et al 2014).…”

Consecutive Dual-Vortex Interactions between Quadruple Typhoons Noru, Kulap, Nesat and Haitang during the 2017 North Pacific Typhoon Season

“…For example, Wu et al [23] proposed that the position of TS Bopha in 2000 between typhoons Saomai and Wukong caused these two systems to interact. Similarly, Liu et al [24] examined the interaction between typhoons Tembin and Bolaven in 2012. TDs sandwiched between them resulted in an indirect cyclone-cyclone interaction.…”

“…To calculate the variables for measuring an individual typhoon's cloud system, center and intensity, the spectral features of the geostationary satellite IR window and water vapor channel data were used. Hourly data were utilized from two infrared channels: IR1 (10.5 to 11.5 µm) and IR2 (11.5 to 12.5 µm), along with IR3, which is a set of water vapor channels (WV 6.5 to 7.0 µm) [24]. Shortwave infrared (SIR) channels are capable of detecting ice-clouds or ice-covered surfaces within clouds [29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Classification of Suncus murinus species complex (Soricidae: Crocidurinae) in Peninsular Malaysia using image analysis and machine learning approaches

“…As stated by [1], images are central to a wide variety of fields ranging from history [2, 3] to medicine [4, 5], including astronomy [6, 7], oil exploration [8, 9] and weather forecasting [10, 11]. Image plays an important role in numerous human activities such as law enforcement [12, 13], agriculture and forestry management [14, 15], earth science [16] and so forth.…”