Analysis of intercity bus markets on long distances in an established and a young market: The example of the U.S. and Germany

Measuring the long-distance accessibility of Italian cities

“…In analogy with other countries (Augustin et al, 2014), this is rapidly changing thanks to the liberalisation recently completed and to the new lines opened in competition with rail. The chart in Figure 7, right, show where the core of coach market is 8 : limited in the North, much more developed in the Centre and South, and especially directed to Siena, Rome and Naples (Beria et al, 2014).…”

Regulation of public bus services: The Israeli experience

“…If the period is too long, it may fail to create an effective threat to the operator of cessation or a decision not to renew the contract with it, thus failing to sufficiently motivate the provision of good service (Muren, 2000). A long contract period also reduces the Augustin et al (2014), Beltran et al (2013), Hensher and Wallis (2005), House of Commons (2012), Preston and Almutairi (2013), Rye and Wretstrand (2014), Sakai and Takahashi (2013), van de Velde et al (2008), Wallis et al (2010), Wallis and Bray (2014), Walters (2010 possibility of reorganization and adaptation of the services in light of technological innovations or changes in demand, which are sometimes obstructed in the case of signed contracts (Berechman, 1993). In comparison, there are advantages in choosing a relatively long contract period: greater feasibility for the operator to invest in capital and equipment, better possibility of finding sources of financing and resources, and the possibility of learning in the course of the work, thereby reducing costs within the period (Muren, 2000).…”

Améliorer la compétitivité, le pouvoir d'achat et l'emploi en renforçant la concurrence en France

“…De plus, elle libéralise complétement l'ouverture des liaisons par autocars dont les arrêts sont chacun distants de plus de 100 kilomètres, les ouvertures de plus courtes liaisons restant soumises à l'autorisation des autorités organisatrices de transport qui peuvent les refuser ou les limiter après avis de l'Autorité de régulation si elles portent atteinte à l'équilibre économique de lignes de service public de transport existantes. Ces mesures devraient significativement augmenter la concurrence au sein du secteur mais aussi la concurrence intermodale, comme l'ont notamment montré les expériences de l'Allemagne, du Royaume-Uni et de la Suède (Augustin et al, 2014 ;Commission d'étude des effets de la loi pour la croissance et l'activité, 2015c). (ARAF, 2013).…”